“…Unlike UNT, true‐score equating under the SS‐MIRT framework also requires a multivariate true‐score distribution (see Equation ). Three potential methods appeared in the literature (Lee et al.,
2020) to approximate the ability distribution of θ : (a) a quadrature distribution (D‐method), (b) Monte‐Carlo simulation (M‐method), and (c) individual latent‐trait estimates
(P‐method). In Lee et al.…”