IRS-Assisted High-Speed Train Communications: Outage Probability Minimization with Statistical CSI

Gao, Meilin; Ai, Bo; Niu, Yong; Han, Zhu; Zhang, Zhong

doi:10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500916

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…, φ N }, φ i = β i e jθ i , with the amplitude of the ith element denoted by β i ∈ [0, 1] and its phase shift is denoted by θ i ∈ [0, 2π ). Following the majority of the literature, we assume a unit amplitude, i.e., β i = 1, [33], [34].…”

Section: System and Channel Model A System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2(a) shows the derived outage probability in (12) based on the non-central chi-squared distribution approximation, and Fig. 2(b) displays the derived outage probability in (33) based on the Gamma distribution approximation. Apparently, the outage probability degrades sharply with the increment of transmit power, meanwhile decreases rapidly with the increase of N. In addition, the decay rate of the outage probability increases with an increase in the Rician factor K. We can observe that the outage probabilities based on Gamma distribution assumptions are completely consistent with Monte Carlo simulations in all cases.…”

Section: A Performance With Reciprocal Channels 1) Outage Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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IRS-Assisted Full Duplex Systems Over Rician and Nakagami Fading Channels

Shen

Bariah

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol.

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Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been deemed as an energy and spectral-efficient technology, that can potentially enhance network coverage and transmission reliability, with minimum impact on transceivers' complexity. Motivated by this, we develop a comprehensive analysis on the performance of integrating IRS into full-duplex (FD) cellular or Internet of Things (IoT) networks in both realistic Rician and Nakagami fadings. Firstly, in the context of reciprocal channels in Rician fadings, we derive the closed-form approximations of the users' outage probability (OP) and ergodic capacity (EC), under the non-central Chi-square distribution assumption on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Further following by the Gamma distribution assumption on the SINR, we derive the cumulative distribution function (CDF) expression of the user's SINR, which is then leveraged to obtain simple yet effective closed-form expressions in terms of OP and EC. Subsequently, in Nakagami fading scenarios with the reciprocal and non-reciprocal channels, the closed forms of both users' OP and EC are obtained. Finally, the correctness of all the theoretical expressions is verified through substantial Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that the OP and EC deduced from Gamma distribution exhibit the fairly precise results for the arbitrary number of IRS elements, especially in Nakagami fadings.INDEX TERMS Full-duplex, intelligent reflecting surfaces, non-reciprocal, reciprocal, Rician and Nakagami fadings. Nakagami fading environment. In [22], Lu and Wang focused on the OP for an arbitrary IRS reflecting coefficient in an IRSaided two-way FD system, over correlated Rayleigh fading. Atapattu et al. [23] addressed the outage performance and spectral efficiency analyses for IRS-assisted two-way communication systems over Rayleigh fading channels. Apart from these, other literature relevant to IRS/RIS FD is summarized in Table 1, where the complex Gaussian (denoted as CN) assumptions are basically made about residual self-interference (RSI) or hardware impairment (HI). It is also noted that user, access point (AP) or relay can be in FD mode, allowing one or more FD nodes to coexist with other half-duplex(HD) nodes. Generally, one-way FD decode-and-forward (DF) relay is available for cooperative IRS/RIS FD systems [24], [25]. The papers [26], [27], [28], [30] addressing two-way FD primarily focus on the reciprocal channel which facilitates the received energy maximization for all users through the identical IRS phase shift design. For more complex scenarios involving spatial correlation [30], [31], multiple users [29], [30], [32] or non-reciprocity [32], research has typically focused on performance optimization algorithms than the derivation of performance expressions due to mathematical intractability of the latter.

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Section: System and Channel Model A System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Performance With Reciprocal Channels 1) Outage Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

IRS-Assisted Full Duplex Systems Over Rician and Nakagami Fading Channels

Shen

Bariah

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol.

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“…For a general-purpose network, RIS can be properly deployed to enhance coverage [125] and combat the blockage of mmWave communications by creating an additional virtual line-of-sight (LoS) path [126]- [128]. In the HST scenario, based on statistical CSI, [129] proposed an IRS-assisted communication system model to relieve blockage issues in terms of the outage probability. In [113], [121], applying RIS for coverage extension, frequent handover reduction, blockage, and dead zone suppression in HST scenarios was thoroughly investigated.…”

Section: Network Deployment Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [113], [121], applying RIS for coverage extension, frequent handover reduction, blockage, and dead zone suppression in HST scenarios was thoroughly investigated. Two types of RIS deployments have been discussed: i) RIS deployed on one side of the rail track, for example, on a roadside advertising board as a reflective panel [113], [129]. ii) RIS deployed on top of train carriages.…”

Section: Network Deployment Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Layer Enhancement for Next-Generation Railway Communication Systems

Sibel

Berbineau

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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This paper presents an overview of the challenges and state-of-the-art physical layer enhancement designs for next-generation railway communication, also known as high-speed train (HST) communication. The physical layer design for the HST should adapt from its counterpart in the generalpurpose network because of the harsh propagation environment and extreme conditions, stringent latency and reliability requirements of dedicated railway applications, and frequency band scarcity caused by regulation. In this survey, we examine how conventional multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) family techniques such as beamforming, multi-cell MIMO, and relays can enhance the physical layer performance for HST. Physical layer enhancement assisted by novel reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology was also analyzed from different perspectives. Dedicated control channels, reference signals, waveforms, and numerology designs for train-to-infrastructure (T2I) and train-to-train (T2T) communication in sidelinks are also reviewed. Finally, a brief introduction to artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML)-aided HST physical layer design is provided. Several promising research avenues have also been suggested.

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“…This study was also extended to security outage probability optimization [24], to multi-user scenarios [25] and to IoV schedulling [26]. Secondly, in the context of RIS-assisted railway systems, the sum-rate optimization was performed based on both full CSI [27] and statistical CSI [28]. Thirdly, the existing RIS assisted UAV communication systems in stationary scenarios have considered energy-efficiency optimization [29], UAV trajectory [30] as well as altitude optimizations [31] plus non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OTFS-Aided RIS-Assisted SAGIN Systems Outperform Their OFDM Counterparts in Doubly Selective High-Doppler Scenarios

Xiang

et al. 2023

IEEE Internet Things J.

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The recently-developed reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are capable of improving the coverage of spaceair-ground integrated networks (SAGINs), where the signals can be reflected in the desired direction without relying on powerthirsty radio-frequency (RF) chains. However, in the face of the substantially increased Doppler frequency, the classic orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) becomes inadequate in supporting RIS for the following reasons. Firstly, the detrimental doubly-selective fading leads to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI), which result in error floors for OFDM operating in the time-frequency (TF) domain. Secondly, it is far from trivial to configure RIS based on the time-varying fading channels. Thirdly, the interpolation-based TF-domain channel estimation methods become impractical for the high-Doppler and high-dimensional RIS systems. Against this background, in this paper, we propose the powerful twodimensional orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation for RIS-aided SAGINs, which transforms the time-varying fading encountered in the TF-domain to the time-invariant fading in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. More explicitly, first of all, for the first time in the literature, we devise the DD-domain channel model of RIS assisted SAGINs in the face of doubly-selective fading. Secondly, in order to facilitate the RIS configuration in the DD-domain, we propose to create "virtual" Doppler frequencies that guide the phase changes at the RIS, even though the RIS phase rotations do not suffer from Doppler effects. Thirdly, we conceive an attractive DD-domain RIS channel estimation method that can support both OFDM and OTFS, where the TF-domain interpolation is eliminated. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DD-domain RIS configuration and channel estimation methods for both OFDM and OTFS are capable of mitigating the error floors encountered in the TF-domain. Furthermore, our simulation results confirm that OTFS-based RIS-assisted SAGIN systems are capable of outperforming their OFDM counterparts and exhibit excellent performance across a wide range of SAGIN channel parameters including the Ricean

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IRS-Assisted High-Speed Train Communications: Outage Probability Minimization with Statistical CSI

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

IRS-Assisted Full Duplex Systems Over Rician and Nakagami Fading Channels

IRS-Assisted Full Duplex Systems Over Rician and Nakagami Fading Channels

Physical Layer Enhancement for Next-Generation Railway Communication Systems

OTFS-Aided RIS-Assisted SAGIN Systems Outperform Their OFDM Counterparts in Doubly Selective High-Doppler Scenarios

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