Irritation and sensitization potential of pesticides *

Lisi, Paolo; Caraffini, Stefano; Assalve, Danilo

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02715.x

Cited by 100 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Most of the positive reactions in the patch tests were noted for fungicides, particularly those of the thiophthalimide (captan, captafol, folpet) and the bisdithiocarbamate (maneb, zineb, mancozeb, ziram, propineb) groups [6,13,[16][17][18][19][20]. Thiocarbamates often crossreact but rarely cause poor rubber tolerance, although some are used as vulcanization accelerators [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergy in Agricultural Workers

Kieć-Swierczyńska¹,

Krêcisz²,

Świerczyńska-Machura³

2003

Exog Dermatol

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Agricultural workers (n = 121) referred to the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine for suspected occupational disease were subjected to dermatological and allergological examinations. All were patch and prick tested with standard occupational and environmental allergen sets. Contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 60 (49.6%) patients. In the women, the dominant allergy was that to nickel, benzalkonium, palladium, cobalt, thimerosal, fragrances and balsam of Peru, while the men were most frequently sensitive to chromates, cobalt, 4-phenylenediamine, fragrances, captan, formaldehyde, 4-aminoazobenzene, wool alcohols and cinnamic alcohol. Phenylmercuric chloride caused allergic reactions in 6 women and 2 men, while 6 workers were sensitive to neomycin. Allergy to glutaraldehyde was diagnosed in 3 workers, to lysol in 4, to chlorhexidine in 1, to chloramine in 1. Three patients reacted to thiurams, 3 to diphenylguanidine, 3 to mercaptobenzothiazole. Of the 9 workers sensitive to 4-phenylenediamine, only 2 men reacted additionally to N-isopropyl-N-4-phenylenediamine. Ziram (zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate) and copper sulfate caused allergy in 1 agricultural worker each. Immediate allergy was diagnosed in 43 (35.5%) patients. The dominant allergens in that category included straw dust, hay dust, wheat threshing, rye pollen and cow epithelium. The final diagnosis was based on the clinical picture and the results of the patch and prick tests. Allergic contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 27 (22.3%), atopic dermatitis in 27, irritant contact dermatitis in 15 (12.4%) and urticaria in 9 (7.5%) agricultural workers. Other dermal diseases were diagnosed in single patients. The clinical examinations showed no dermal lesions in 31 (25.6%) patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergy in Agricultural Workers

Kieć-Swierczyńska¹,

Krêcisz²,

Świerczyńska-Machura³

2003

Exog Dermatol

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“…A few studies reported skin problems (i.e. allergic reactions and dermatitis) in workers exposed to captan or folpet (Burroughs and Hora, 1982;Lisi et al, 1987;Guo et al, 1996). Burroughs and Hora (1982) also mentioned that 48.4% of workers employed in a fungicide production plant stated having eye problems (i.e.…”

Section: Captanmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Urinary Excretion Time Course Study of Captan and Folpet Biomarkers in Workers for the Estimation of Dose, Main Route-of-Entry and Most Appropriate Sampling and Analysis Strategies

Berthet¹,

Heredia-Ortiz²,

Vernez³

et al. 2012

Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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Captan and folpet are two fungicides largely used in agriculture, but biomonitoring data are mostly limited to measurements of captan metabolite concentrations in spot urine samples of workers, which complicate interpretation of results in terms of internal dose estimation, daily variations according to tasks performed, and most plausible routes of exposure. This study aimed at performing repeated biological measurements of exposure to captan and folpet in field workers (i) to better assess internal dose along with main routes-of-entry according to tasks and (ii) to establish most appropriate sampling and analysis strategies. The detailed urinary excretion time courses of specific and non-specific biomarkers of exposure to captan and folpet were established in tree farmers (n 5 2) and grape growers (n 5 3) over a typical workweek (seven consecutive days), including spraying and harvest activities. The impact of the expression of urinary measurements [excretion rate values adjusted or not for creatinine or cumulative amounts over given time periods (8, 12, and 24 h)] was evaluated. Absorbed doses and main routes-of-entry were then estimated from the 24-h cumulative urinary amounts through the use of a kinetic model. The time courses showed that exposure levels were higher during spraying than harvest activities. Model simulations also suggest a limited absorption in the studied workers and an exposure mostly through the dermal route. It further pointed out the advantage of expressing biomarker values in terms of body weight-adjusted amounts in repeated 24-h urine collections as compared to concentrations or excretion rates in spot samples, without the necessity for creatinine corrections.

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Section: Immune-mediated Responses (Sk: Sen)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lisi et al [1986Lisi et al [ , 1987 observed allergic contact dermatitis in agricultural and non-agricultural workers. These investigators [Lisi et al 1987] observed allergic reactions in 5 out of 389 agricultural, ex-agricultural, and nonagricultural subjects) who were patch-tested with 1% captafol and in 3 out of 279 agricultural and non-agricultural subjects who were patch tested with 0.05% captafol concentration. In an earlier study, Lisi et al [1986] found allergic reactions in 2 out of 50 agricultural, 1 out of 24 ex-agricultural (had worked on land in the past), and 1 out of 126 nonagricultural subjects who were patch-tested with 0.1% captafol.…”

Section: Immune-mediated Responses (Sk: Sen)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matsushita et al [1980] conducted an epidemiological study of 216 patients who experienced contact dermatitis following pesticide exposure, of which captafol was responsible for 28.7% of the cases. Lisi et al [1987] observed irritant contact dermatitis in 3 of 389 agricultural, ex-agricultural, and nonagricultural subjects who were patch-tested with 0.1% captafol. A survey of 14 timber treatment plants conducted by Stoke [1979] found that 23% of 133 workers exposed to captafol experienced occupationally-induced irritant dermatitis.…”

Section: Direct Effects On Skin (Sk:dir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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