Irritant resiniferonol derivatives from EgyptianThymelaea hirsuta L.

Plant Orthoesters

“…Compounds of this class were more often found in the plants from the Thymelaeaceae family than in those from the Euphorbiaceae family (Table ). Plants of the genera Daphne , ,,,− ,,− Peddiea , Lasiosiphon , Gnidia, ,, Stillingia , Synaptolepis, ,, Pimelea , Stellera , − Thymelaea , , and Wikstroemia − , in the Thymelaeaceae are rich sources of these compounds. The genus Daphne is of particular importance, from which 12-hydroxydaphnetoxin ( 23 ), genkwadaphnin ( 28 ), ,− genkwadaphnin-20-palmitate ( 29 ), , yuanhuajine ( 30 ), , gnidilatidin ( 32 ), ,,,− gnidilatidin-20-palmitate ( 34 ), yuanhuagine ( 36 ), yuanhuadin ( 37 ), ,,, yuanhuafin ( 43 ), ,,, 51 , 52 , gnidicin-20-palmitate ( 53 ), daphnegiraldin ( 55 ), mezerein ( 57 ), ,,, tanguticacine ( 59 ),…”

“…The irritant and tumor promoting activities of daphnetoxins, ,,,,,,,,, 12-hydroxydaphnetoxins, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,− and 1-alkyldaphnanes ,,, have been extensively studied, and their SARs, if reviewed in a way similar to that of anticancer activity (Figure a), can be briefly summarized as follows:…”

“…Compounds of this class were more often found in the plants from the Thymelaeaceae family than in those from the Euphorbiaceae family (Table 2). Plants of the genera Daphne, 9,19,20,[22][23][24]65,[67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82] Peddiea, 29 Lasiosiphon, 63 Gnidia, 66,83,84 Stillingia, 85 Synaptolepis, 43,44,86 Pimelea, 31 Stellera, [37][38][39][40] Thymelaea, 87,88 and Wikstroemia [45][46][47][48]89 in the Thymelaeaceae are rich sources of these compounds. The genus Daphne is of particular importance, from which 12-hydroxydaphnetoxin (23), 20 genkwadaphnin (28), 23,[67]…”

“…Daphne genkwa (T); 9,76,78,79 Synaptolepis kirkii (T) 43,44 A; 79,179 C; 43,76 Top I; Pimelea simplex (T); 31 Stellera chamaejasme (T); [37][38][39][40] Synaptolepis retusa (T); 44 Wikstroemia retusa (T) 43,[46][47][48]89 C; 40,47 Gnidia lamprantha (T); 66 Lasisiphon burchellii (T); 63 Thymelaea hirsuta (T) Thymelaea hirsute (T) Thymelaea hirsuta (T) 87,88…”

Evidence for a role of conventional protein kinase-Cα in the control of homotypic contacts and cell scattering of HT-29 human intestinal cells

“…Selective activators of individual PK-C isoforms provide a powerful tool to study the role of various PK-C isoforms in physiological functions. Several compounds, chemically related to the phorbol ester PMA, have been isolated [21]. Among them, TMTA (an analogue of mezerein) has received great attention since it reportedly stimulates specifically cPK-Cs and not nPK-Cs [6].…”