Irritant effects of a detergent in wash, chamber and repeated open application tests

Abstract

Development of irritant contact reactions in a wash test, in a repeated open application test (ROAT) and in chamber tests were compared with each other in 14 atopic and 14 non-atopic Caucasian medical students. In the wash test, the students washed their upper arm skin with 10% dishwashing liquid for 1 min 2 x a day for 1 week. In the ROAT, they applied the same detergent solution to 1 antecubital fossa 2 x daily for 1 week. Chamber tests were performed with the same detergent using 8 mm, 12 mm and 18 mm Finn Chambers applied to the upper back skin for 48 h. Additional 4 h and 24 h occlusion times were used with the 12 mm Finn Chambers. Test results were evaluated on days 0, 2, 4 and 7 by eye and by using an Evaporimeter EP1 for transepidermal water loss and a Minolta Chroma Meter CR-200 for skin colour. No statistically significant differences between atopics and non-atopics were found in any of the tests. The results of the tests did not correlate with each other, with the exception of the 12 mm/48 h chamber test and the wash test in atopics (R = 0.61, p = 0.02). It seems that other individual factors in addition to atopy influence the development of irritant contact dermatitis. The results of the chamber test and ROAT predicted poorly the result of the wash test.

Evaluation of the effect of Dardia® Lipo Line on skin inflammation induced by surfactants using the repeated open‐application test

“…ROAT 7,8 with SLS offers a good simulation of conditions in daily practice as it mimics repetitive and cumulative exposure to environmental irritants and allows the effect of moisturisers on the surfactant‐induced skin irritation and skin repair to be studied. This chronic model appears to represent the clinical situation of irritant contact dermatitis with pronounced skin dryness more closely than the acute irritation model 1 …”

Skin reaction and recovery: a repeated sodium lauryl sulphate patch test vs. a 24-h patch test and tape stripping

“…found a correlation coefficient of 0·63 between the outcome of a 24‐h patch test and the outcome of a 4‐day repeated 0·5% SLS patch test. In their study on a dish washing liquid, Hannuksela and Hannuksela 9 found poor correlations between acute chamber tests comprising several doses and durations, with an open application test or wash test that were both applied daily over a 1‐week period. Robinson 10 combined the data of two studies, one a 4‐h 20% SLS patch test, and the other a 14‐day repeated SLS patch test with four different concentrations.…”

Irritancy ranking of anionic detergents using one‐time occlusive, repeated occlusive and repeated open tests

“…A disadvantage of the immersion and wash tests is the fact that on the surface of 2 forearms only 2 different agents can be compared. The wash test has the further disadvantage of being less easy to standardize than repeated open exposure or immersion tests (5).…”