Irrigation Waters as a Source of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Produce: A Review

Pachepsky, Yakov; Shelton, Daniel R.; McLain, Jean E.; Patel, Jitendra; Mandrell, Robert E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386473-4.00002-6

Cited by 161 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 243 publications

(199 reference statements)

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“…Several studies have linked irrigation water with pathogens isolated from fresh produce (Allende & Monaghan 2015;Gelting et al 2015), therefore substandard irrigation water is a contamination risk factor of fresh green leafy vegetables. The presence of human pathogens on irrigated crops due to the use of contaminated irrigation water is well described (Pachepsky et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have linked presence of pathogens on fresh produce to contaminated water (Pachepsky et al 2011;Du Plessis et al 2015). Presence and subsequent transfer of fungal pathogens from irrigation water onto fresh produce has not been fully investigated.…”

Section: Stated Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various microorganisms, including human pathogens, could be present in dust, faeces of birds, insects and sometimes small mammals present on rooftops (Ahmed et al 2010). During rainfall, faeces and other debris harbouring pathogens could be washed into rainwater harvesting tanks thus degrading its quality (Pachepsky et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater in rural villages for crop irrigation and domestic use

Jongman

Korsten

2016

Journal of Water and Health

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The study aimed at assessing the microbiological quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) for crop irrigation and domestic use. In total, 80 rain water tanks (246 samples) across three rural villages (Ga-Molepane, Jericho and Luthngele) were visited. Culture based techniques were used to isolate bacterial microbes and identities were confirmed using matrix assisted laser desorption/ ionization time of flight (MALDITOF MS). Uncultured fungal populations were also identified using pyrosequencing. Salmonella spp. (3%), L. monocytogenes (22%), total coliforms (57.7%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (30.5%), Enterococcus spp. (48.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (21.5%) were detected in RHRW samples after rainfall. Fungal sequences belonging to species known to cause fever, coughing and shortness of breath in humans (Cryptococcus spp.) were identified. This study indicates that RHRW quality can be affected by external factors such as faecal material and debris on the rooftops. The use of untreated RHRW could pose a potential health risk if used for irrigation of crops or domestic use, especially in the case of a relative high population of immunocompromised individuals. This study does not dispute the fact that RHRW is an alternative irrigation water source but it recommends treatment before use for domestic purposes or for watering crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stated Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater in rural villages for crop irrigation and domestic use

Jongman

Korsten

2016

Journal of Water and Health

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“…In a field environment, grazing livestock, wild animals, birds and insects are natural inhabitants and, since these may carry human pathogens [16–21], contamination of leafy vegetables can never be completely avoided. Irrigation water has been suggested as the major source of enteric pathogen contamination in leafy vegetables [22]. Despite this, few countries have established mandatory guidelines or standards on the microbiological quality of water used for irrigation [23].…”

Section: Contamination Of Leafy Vegetable Ingredients In Mixed-ingredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is your lunch salad safe to eat? Occurrence of bacterial pathogens and potential for pathogen growth in pre-packed ready-to-eat mixed-ingredient salads

Söderqvist

2017

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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As part of a trend toward healthy convenience foods, ready-to-eat (RTE) mixed-ingredient salads have become popular products among consumers. A mixed-ingredient salad contains combinations of raw (e.g. leafy vegetables and tomatoes) and processed (e.g. chicken, salmon, ham, pasta and couscous) ingredients. Contamination of leafy vegetables can occur during any step in the production chain and, since there is no step that kills pathogens, a completely safe final product can never be guaranteed. Meat ingredients, for example poultry meat and ham, are generally heat-treated before preparation, but may be contaminated after this treatment, e.g. when diced or sliced. When several ingredients are mixed together, cross-contamination may occur. Preparation of mixed-ingredient salads requires human handling, which presents an additional risk of bacterial contamination. With high-protein ingredients, e.g. cooked meat, the mixed-ingredient salad represents an excellent substrate for bacterial growth. This article reviews current knowledge regarding human bacterial pathogen prevalence in mixed-ingredient salads and the potential for pathogen growth in this product during storage.

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“…Moreover, while it has been known for some time that substantial populations of fecal coliforms and E. coli are present in freshwater bottom sediments, bank soils, and beach sands, the importance of sediments as bacterial habitats and as a source of waterborne fecal coliforms and E. coli has not been recognized until recently [5] . Fresh produce consumption, contamination of drinking water, and recreational activities such as swimming has been attributed to an increase in water and food-borne illnesses in the United States [6,7] . Irrigation water is a potential source for microbial contamination of produce necessitating monitoring of water bodies and periodic collection of water quality data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STRIDER: Semi-Autonomous Tracking Robot with Instrumentation for Data-Acquisition and Environmental Research

Nagchaudhuri¹,

Diab²,

Hartman³

et al.

2016 ASEE Annual Conference &Amp; Exposition Proceedings

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robotics and mechatronics, (ii)remote sensing and precision agriculture, and,(iii) biofuels and renewable energy. He has published more than 70 refereed articles in journals and conference proceedings. Dr. Nagchaudhuri received his baccalaureate degree from Jadavpur University in Kolkata, India with honors in Mechanical Engineering. Thereafter, he worked in a multinational industry for a little over three years before joining Tulane University as a graduate student in the fall of 1987. He received master's degree from Tulane University in 1989 and doctoral degree from Duke University 1992. Mr. Abbas H. Diab, University of Maryland -Eastern ShoreAbbas Diab, BS in engineering with mechanical specialization, is currently a graduate student at University of Maryland Eastern Shore pursuing MS degree in Food & Agriculture Sciences . During his undergraduate studies, Mr. Diab along with a group of undergraduates, worked on several academic and research projects. He designed and built several ground, air, and water platforms for precision agriculture reasons. Currently he holds the position of chair of the ASME UMES chapter.

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Irrigation Waters as a Source of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Produce: A Review

Cited by 161 publications

References 243 publications

Microbial quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater in rural villages for crop irrigation and domestic use

Microbial quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater in rural villages for crop irrigation and domestic use

Is your lunch salad safe to eat? Occurrence of bacterial pathogens and potential for pathogen growth in pre-packed ready-to-eat mixed-ingredient salads

STRIDER: Semi-Autonomous Tracking Robot with Instrumentation for Data-Acquisition and Environmental Research

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