Irrigation Timing as a Practice of Effective Weed Management in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Crop

Kanatas, Panagiotis; Gazoulis, Ioannis; Travlos, Ilias

doi:10.3390/agronomy11030550

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Because FSB 2 and FSB 1 reduced weed density and biomass compared to NSB, these seedbed manipulations resulted in higher forage yields, as observed in previous forage crop trials [18]. Along with the increase in forage yield, berseem clover biomass also increased in subplots FSB 1 and especially FSB 2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

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False Seedbed for Agroecological Weed Management in Forage Cereal–Legume Intercrops and Monocultures in Greece

et al. 2022

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Intercropping cereals with legumes is a widely used agronomic practice to improve forage yield and quality in forage cropping systems. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the potential of a false seedbed to reduce weed pressure in intercrops and monocultures of annual ryegrass and berseem clover during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 growing seasons in western Greece. A split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications was set up. Seedbed manipulations assigned to the main plots included: normal seedbed preparation (NSB) and seeding, and two different false seedbeds. In the first (FSB 1) and second false seedbeds (FSB 2), weeds were controlled by shallow tillage at 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, after the first tillage and immediately before crop sowing. Forages were subplots of berseem clover (BCM) and annual ryegrass monocultures (ARM) and three intercrops with BCM:ARM ratios of 75:25 (ARBC 1), 50:50 (ARBC 2), and 25:75 (ARBC 3). FSB 1 reduced weed biomass by 27% and 34% compared to NSB in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). FSB 2 improved forage yield by 9% and 14% in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively, compared to FSB 1. Compared to NSB, FSB 2 also increased forage yield by 11% in 2020–2021 and 17% in 2021–2022. Berseem clover biomass was higher in FSB 2 than in NSB main plots in both years. In the first harvest, ARBC 3 was the most weed-suppressive intercrop, which also provided the highest forage yield in both the first and second harvests of both years, followed by ARM and ARBC 2. In the second harvest, forage yield was 11% and 12% higher in ARBC 3 subplots than in ARBC 1 and BCM subplots, respectively. Similar results were obtained for cumulative forage yield from two harvests. Further research is needed to evaluate other alternative practices for agroecological weed management in low-input forage production systems in the Mediterranean region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…In any case, weed competition can be a major obstacle limiting forage yield and degrading forage quality in both intercrops and monocultures [17][18][19][20]. Therefore, it is important to develop weed management practices to reduce weed pressure on forage crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

False Seedbed for Agroecological Weed Management in Forage Cereal–Legume Intercrops and Monocultures in Greece

et al. 2022

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“…The establishment period of perennial forages, such as alfalfa seedlings, are particularly susceptible to weed competition during the seeding year, and weeds that emerge after seeding reduce alfalfa success or cause permanent damage to its productivity throughout the life of the stand ( Raoofi and Alebrahim, 2017 ). Previous studies report that weeds affect the stability of alfalfa stands, attributed to the competition with alfalfa for environmental resources, such as light, nutrients, and water resources ( He et al, 2018 ; De Matos et al, 2019 ; Kanatas et al, 2021 ), which in turn decrease the yield, quality and the regulation of the soil properties and microorganisms ( Hassannejad and Ghafarbi, 2014 ; Sardans et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weeds in the Alfalfa Field Decrease Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity and Association Networks in the North China Plain

et al. 2022

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The competition between weeds and crops for soil nutrients is affected by soil microorganisms, which drive diverse ecological processes and are critical in maintaining the stability of agroecosystems. However, the effects of plant species identity, particularly between forage and weed, on soil microbial diversity, composition, and association are not well understood. Here, we investigate the soil physicochemical properties and bacterial/fungal communities in an agroecosystem with native alfalfa [Medicago stativa (Ms)] and five common weed species (Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Acalypha australis, Portulaca oleracea, and Chenopodium album) in the North China Plain. The five weeds had a lower plant carbon content than Ms. while the opposite was true for plant nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The Shannon diversity of bacterial and fungal communities of the five weeds were significantly lower than in Ms. Soil pH and PO43−-P were identified as the most important factors in shaping the relative abundances of bacteria (Sphingomonadaceae) and fungi (Pleosporaceae), respectively. Importantly, the weeds greatly inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungi (Nectriaceae and Pleosporaceae). Bacterial co-occurrence networks depended on specific species, indicating that Ms. harbored co-occurrence networks that were more complex than those in the bacterial communities of other weed groups. Our study examines how soil nutrients and the soil microbial community structure of five weed species changed in an Ms. field. This analysis of the microbial ecological network enhances our understanding of the influence of weeds on the soil microbiome in agroecosystems.

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“…Prior to planting, weed emergence may be expedited through practices that increase soil warming, such as tillage (Travlos et al, 2020) or solarization. Timing of irrigation may also be used to alter weed emergence (Kanatas et al, 2021). Conversely, delaying the emergence of problematic weeds may be achieved through limiting absorption of sunlight via surface residue management (Oreja et al, 2020) or crop canopy establishment.…”

Section: Feasibility Of Adjusting Management Based On Weed Emergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Weed Management Based on the Timing of Emergence Peaks: A Case Study of Problematic Weeds in Northeast USA

Brown¹,

Gallandt²,

DiTommaso³

et al. 2022

Front. Agron.

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We reviewed the timing of the peak rate of emergence for 15 problematic weed species as well as ways to use this knowledge to improve control. Much of the previous literature modeled emergence based on growing-degree-days. For these models, we input average temperature data from several zones of Northeast USA. Within species, model-predicted peak emergence in the warmest and coolest zones differed by an average of 39 days. Also within species, there was some variation between models, likely reflecting different conditions in study locations and population-level differences that will need to be addressed in future modelling efforts. Summarizing both observed and modelled results, emergence typically peaked early-season for barnyardgrass, Canada thistle, common lambsquarters, common ragweed, giant foxtail, large crabgrass, perennial sowthistle, and smooth crabgrass. Emergence typically peaked mid-season for hairy galinsoga, mouseear chickweed, and red sorrel. Emergence typically peaked late-season for annual bluegrass. Several species emerged in a protracted manner, including common chickweed, quackgrass, and redroot pigweed. With this improved knowledge, farmers may target key problematic species of a particular field in several ways. Weed seedling control efforts can be timed at the highest densities or most vulnerable phenological stage. Residual herbicides and suppressive mulches can be timed to maximize effectiveness prior to their breakdown. And if management flexibility allows, crop selection and associated planting dates may be adjusted to improve crop competition or facilitate seedbank depletion through timely bare fallow periods. Such improvements to weed management based on timing of emergence will likely become even more impactful as predictive model reliability continues to improve.

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Irrigation Timing as a Practice of Effective Weed Management in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Crop

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

False Seedbed for Agroecological Weed Management in Forage Cereal–Legume Intercrops and Monocultures in Greece

False Seedbed for Agroecological Weed Management in Forage Cereal–Legume Intercrops and Monocultures in Greece

Weeds in the Alfalfa Field Decrease Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity and Association Networks in the North China Plain

Improving Weed Management Based on the Timing of Emergence Peaks: A Case Study of Problematic Weeds in Northeast USA

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