Irrigation scheduling and weed management in rabi greengram (Vigna radiata)

Abstract

An experiment was conducted in rabi season to study the weeds and yields of greengram as influenced by irrigation scheduling and weed management during 2018-19. Fifteen treatment combinations comprising three irrigation schedules viz., irrigations at flowering, irrigations at flowering and pod development and irrigations at branching, flowering and pod development stage; five weed management practices viz., Pendimethalin CS, Quizalofop-P-ethyl, Pendimethalin CS (PE) fb Quizalofop-P-ethyl (PoE), 2 HW at 20 and 40 DAS and unweeded check. were Echinochloa spp., Trianthema portulacastrum, Digera arvensis. Physalis minima, Convolvulus arvensis and Cynodon dactylon. were found as major weeds in experiment. The growth and yield attributes viz. plant height, number of branches/plant, dry matter accumulation, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 1000 seed weight were recorded significantly higher under Irrigations each at branching, flowering and pod development stage, ultimately produced higher seed and stover yield. Further, application of Pendimethalin CS 1 kg/ha significantly minimized the weed density and dry weight of weeds, resulted higher growth and yield of green gram crop. Whereas, weeds cause 58.8% yield losses under unweeded control. On the basis of interaction, it is inferred that irrigating the crop at branching, flowering and pod development and managed the weeds either through Pendimethalin CS 1.0 kg/ha (PE) or 2 HW at 20 and 40 DAS.

Growth, Yield and Nutrient Content of Mungbean as Influenced by Foliar Potassium Application and Irrigation Levels

“…This might be due to the good establishment of roots and adequate moisture supply in soil which made higher nutrient mobilization and uptake and better condition for cell division and cell enlargement, which ultimately increased the plant height and plant spread. The results are in close conformity with the findings of Yadav and Singh [18] and Patel et al [19] in mungbean.…”

“…The highest grain and straw yield at 0.6 IW/CPE ratio was mainly due to sufficient moisture supply during the entire growth period, increased irrigation frequency increased the soil moisture status which resulted in higher leaf water potential, higher photosynthesis, consequently increased dry matter production and yield attributes, which ultimately increased grain yield and straw yield. These findings are in close conformity with those of Yadav and Singh [18] in mungbean and Patel et al [19] in mungbean. This might be due to the favorable effect of potassium on the metabolism and biological activity and its stimulating effect on photosynthetic pigments and enzyme activity, followed by efficient transfer of metabolites and subsequent accumulation of these metabolites in the grains, which increased the number, size and weight of individual grain which finally increased the grain and straw yield.…”

Impact of weed management practices on weeds and okra crop

“…Significantly highest dry weight of weeds (46.1 g/m 2 and 1047.1 kg/ha) was recorded with weedy check because weeds were allow to grow in plot throughout the cropgrowth period, ultimately increased the population of weeds and dry weight of weeds under this treatment. Our results confirm the findings of Mathukia et al (2018), Patel et al (2020) and Dhivya et al (2021).…”

“…1). Three hand-weeding at 20, 40 and 60 DAS secured maximum net realization of `105,233/ha with highest B: C ratio of 2.68, which was closely followed by pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha fb quizalofop ethyl 0.040 kg/ha at 30 DAS with net realization of `82,277/ha and B : C ratio of 2.44, 2 hand-weeding at 20 and 40 DAS with net realization of `83,442/ha and B: C ratio of 2.40 and weed-free check required more labour for manual weeding when compared with herbicides application, resulting in the higher cost of cultivation as reported by Patel et al (2018), Patel et al (2020 and Dhivya et al (2021). The lowest seed yield due to unrestricted weed growth in weedy-check treatment was eventually reflected in the lowest net returns (`1,303/ha) and B : C ratio (1.02).…”

“…Hand-weeding is a predominant weedcontrol method used by farmers. However, it is very tedious, sometime inefficient, time-consuming and associated with high labour demands (Adigun et al, 2018;Patel et al, 2020). Besides, availability of labour for manual weeding is scarce and often too expensive (Adigun et al, 2017).…”