Irrigation Performance Measures: Efficiency and Uniformity

Burt, Charles M.; Clemmens, A. J.; Strelkoff, Theodor; Solomon, Ken; Bliesner, Ronald D.; Hardy, Leland A.; Howell, T. A.; Eisenhauer, Dean E.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1997)123:6(423)

Cited by 502 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is clear that increasing irrigation efficiency does not necessarily make more water available for other uses. Water availability for other uses can only be increased by decreasing consumption (Burt et al, 1997). The decision to whether enhancing efficiency is an instrument for water conservation or alternatively a mean to promote agricultural production and income is a policy question that needs to be considered and solved in a transparent way in the public arena.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing irrigation efficiency improvements by using a preference revelation model

Gutiérrez‐Martín

Gómez

1970

Span. j. agric. res.

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This paper develops a general preference model to explain farmers' decisions. Contrary to better known and most commonly used simulation models, the one presented in this paper allows to calibrate, simulate and explain farmers' decisions without assuming linear preferences (as in many multi criteria decision models) or unobservable implicit cost functions (as in positive mathematical programming models). The model is calibrated for crop decisions in the Genil Cabra irrigated area in the Guadalquivir valley (South Spain) as the resulting empirical model is used to study how farmers react by adjusting these decisions when efficiency in the use of water is improved under different scenarios regarding water use rights. The main conclusion of the paper is that the potential water savings from enhancing irrigation technique (636 m 3 ha -1 ) are overcome by increasing water demand due to higher per drop water productivity when sunflower is replaced by maize. For that reason water price increases and/or reduction of water use rights is a necessary condition to convert water savings through improved efficiency into lower water use and better conserved water sources.Additional key words: agricultural policy; mathematical programming; water demand for irrigation. ResumenEvaluación de la mejora de la eficiencia del regadío utilizando un modelo de revelación de preferencias El artículo presenta un modelo de revelación de preferencias que permite explicar las decisiones de cultivo de los regantes. Al contrario de los modelos de simulación más conocidos y utilizados, el que se presenta en este trabajo no exige asumir preferencias lineales (como en el caso de las técnicas multicriterio) ni acude a funciones inobservables de costes implícitos (como en los modelos de programación matemática positiva). El modelo propuesto se calibra para la comarca agraria del Genil Cabra en el valle del Guadalquivir (sur de España) y el modelo empírico resultante se utiliza para estudiar las reacciones de los agricultores a las mejoras en la técnica de riego bajo distintos contextos de derechos de propiedad. La principal conclusión del trabajo es que los ahorros potenciales de agua que se consiguen con la mejora técnica del sistema de riego (636 m 3 ha -1 ) son compensados por los aumentos de la demanda derivados de la mayor productividad del agua cuando el girasol es sustituido por maíz. Por este motivo, para conseguir una reducción efectiva del uso del agua y, por tanto, una mejora en las fuentes del recurso, es necesario aumentar los precios y/o reducir la cantidad de derechos de propiedad.Palabras clave adicionales: demanda de agua

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing irrigation efficiency improvements by using a preference revelation model

Gutiérrez‐Martín

Gómez

1970

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…On a basin or global scale, conservation should have the objective of reducing the consumptive component [Allen et al, 1996[Allen et al, , 1997Burt et al, 1997]. However, consumption is rarely the focus of conservation programs.…”

Section: Water Balance and Water Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28] Burt et al [1997] suggested a systematic way to categorize the water that is diverted for irrigation. In evaluating the performance of irrigation systems, one has to be careful to establish appropriate physical boundaries and time frames, since water is often in transit or in temporary storage.…”

Section: Water Balance and Water Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[40] Burt et al [1997], Willardson et al [1994], Willardson and Allen [1998], Allen et al [1996], and Molden et al [2001] argue that the irrigation efficiency term is not appropriate to use when examining an irrigated area from a hydrologic perspective because low values can imply overly negative stewardship of water diversions. They argue instead for use of terms similar to irrigation consumptive use coefficient (ICUC) or ''consumed or depleted fraction.''…”

Section: Irrigation Efficiency and Consumptive Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical concepts related to conservation of irrigation and rainwater in agricultural systems

Clemmens

Allen

Burt

2008

Water Resources Research

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Forty percent of freshwater withdrawals in the United States are for irrigated agriculture, which contribute more than $50 billion to the economy. Increasing diversions of water for urban, environmental, and other uses will likely decrease water available to agriculture. Water conservation in agriculture is touted as a good method for minimizing the impact of reduced agricultural diversions on production. Because “wasted” water is often reused until it reaches the ocean, there are limitations to the true water savings that result from programs that aim to increase irrigation efficiency. True water savings can come from four areas: reduction of unnecessary evaporation and transpiration, more effective use of rainfall, reduction of deep percolation water that becomes severely degraded in quality, and reduction of runoff from fields that is not reusable downstream. Any other reduction in net water consumption must come from reductions in evapotranspiration from the crops grown, which requires either reduction in acreage or reduction in crop yield brought on by intentional plant water stress. Other benefits of field or district‐level water conservation may include increased in‐stream flows (due to lower diversions) and energy conservation due to less pumping or more hydroelectric production, but not result in true water savings, since unconsumed water returns as a usable water resource. Understanding the hydrologic settings is critical to determining true water savings from conservation practices. On‐farm water conservation practices that provide true water savings at one location may be ineffective at another. In large irrigation projects, water delivery limitations often present obstacles to on‐farm water conservation efforts.

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“…Hydraulic water use efficiency was computed by dividing the net crop water requirement (NCWR) to the total water applied (TWA) (Burt et al, 1997). HWUE = NCWR/ TWA ……..…... (11) Adam et al, 043…”

Section: Hydraulic Water Use Efficiency (Hwue)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of management practices on water use efficiency of Gezira irrigated scheme – Sudan

Adam¹

2017

Int. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Soil

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This study was conducted at Gezira scheme -Sudan during the period from 2009 to 2010 in a heavy clay soil to investigate the effect of management practices on water use efficiency for the different crops irrigated in Gezira scheme. The data was collected from the scheme Administration. The study was organized by using T-Test. Cropwat4 Windows was used to calculate crop water requirements (CWR) and the net irrigation requirements (NIR). The results showed that, Water use efficiency significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the different management practices. Sorghum gave the highest mean value (0.48) of economic water use efficiency as compared to cotton which ranked the least (0.19). Technical water use efficiency for Sorghum and groundnut recorded the highest means values (0.34 and 0.30 kg/m 3 ) while cotton gave the lowest (0.07 kg/m 3 ). Wheat gave the highest mean values (0.87) of Hydraulic water use efficiency as compared to sorghum which ranked the least (0.59). It can be concluded that, proper technical guidelines for irrigation network management, operation and scheduling should be developed and followed.

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Irrigation Performance Measures: Efficiency and Uniformity

Cited by 502 publications

References 7 publications

Assessing irrigation efficiency improvements by using a preference revelation model

Assessing irrigation efficiency improvements by using a preference revelation model

Technical concepts related to conservation of irrigation and rainwater in agricultural systems

Effect of management practices on water use efficiency of Gezira irrigated scheme – Sudan

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