Irrigation Management Practices and Their Influence on Fruit Agroecosystem

Abstract

Annual crops are highly sensitive to water stress, so efficient water management in orchards enhance the production and sustainability of fruit cultivation. The performance of fruit tree in terms of fruit yield, fruit size and quality and long term productivity is highly dependent on irrigation and different species respond to it differently, It is known fact that the amount of fresh water available for agriculture use is decreasing and there is a need to use water efficiently either by using water saving irrigation techniques or by scheduling irrigation as per the plant's need. The scheduling of irrigation in fruit crops has gained significant importance for last one decade due to viewed rise in temperature, changing pattern of rainfall and reduction of fresh water for irrigation purposes especially for farmers indulged in fruit culture. The recent research phenology and physiology of the fruit trees in orchard management with major emphasis on water management practices e.g. deficit irrigation can influence an optimal nutrient equilibrium in soil, improve irrigation efficiency and prevent soil erosions. On this basis, work on irrigation scheduling based on evapotranspiration demand was studied in fruit agroecosystem to maintain high yield and quality of fruit crop.

Irrigation Water Management and Quality in Two Rocha Pear Orchards

“…Proper irrigation practices play a key role in fruit tree cultivation, and poor management can compromise fruit size and quality [8]. Furthermore, the physical and chemical composition of irrigation waters provide information about its effects on crops (toxicity) and soils (impermeability and/or alkalinization), as well as the maintenance of irrigation equipment (risk of scaling and corrosion).…”

“…Agriculture is the sector that uses the most freshwater globally (about 70%), and with food demand bound to increase, the same is expected to happen to water resources [7]. It is also known that plants' water supply can affect the soil (moisture and nutrient availability) and ultimately fruit quality, since water is crucial for nutrient absorption as well as the maintenance of evapotranspiration processes, among other factors [8]. Furthermore, the dissolution and precipitation of mineral elements are related to chemical balances, water saturation, and drainage conditions.…”

Physiological Activity, Nutritional Composition, and Gene Expression in Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) Influenced by Different ETc Levels of Irrigation at Distinct Development Stages

“…Our findings were again in uniformity with Elias [39] who recorded stomatal closure at periods of strong evaporative demand, which suggested that stomatal density appeared to be primarily influenced by tree water status during the vegetative period in apples. Kour and Bakshi [40] observed that stomatal aperture and density in leaves from peach seedlings significantly change in response to changing water conditions. Previous reports by Basiouny [41] in peach, Mısırlı and Aksoy [42] in figs, and Klamkowski and Treder [43] and Kawchaya [44] in strawberry also illustrated a decrease in stomatal density and size due to water stress.…”

Agricultural Management Strategies for Countering Drought Conditions in Eastern Croatia

“…The fundamental basis for introducing the irrigation systems in this area was met by proceeding with the construction of the irrigation canal in 2018. However, even though the use of irrigation is a possible solution for plant production under drought conditions [13], it is by no means the only action which should be taken, especially considering that water is not an unlimited resource. Thus, the existing network of drainage canals, built in the 1960s and 1970s, could with certain modifications be used to maintain the groundwater level and contribute to the total amount of water available for irrigation.…”