Irrigation Management for Optimum Kiwifruit Size

McAneney, K. J.; Prendergast, P.T.; Astill, M. S.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1992.297.35

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In the current work, even when a single fruit was supported by 2800 cm 2 of leaf, the growth rates on those fruit did not exceed those of control fruit. These findings are consistent with those of McAneney et al (1992) who reported that, while withholding water can reduce fruit growth, restoring adequate water increases fruit growth rates only to the same level as control fruit.…”

Section: Sink Strengthsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sink priority on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit vines

Snelgar

Minchin

Blatmann

et al. 2012

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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An experimental system based on girdled shoots was used to assess how vegetative competition alters the growth of 'Hayward' kiwifruit. Each shoot was pruned to length so that it contained four source leaves and a sink consisting of either a single fruit, a vegetative regrowth, or one fruit and a vegetative regrowth. Vegetative competition had the greatest effect on fruit growth when it occurred about five weeks after flowering, when fruit growth is maximal. When a single fruit was in competition with a defoliated vegetative shoot, fruit size at harvest was reduced by 50%, whereas competition 20 days later reduced the fruit size by only 28%. Our results show that vegetative growth has a higher sink priority than fruit for both fresh weight and dry weight (DW) for the first 120 days after flowering, the time when most fruit growth occurs. Furthermore, during this period vegetative growth had a higher sink strength for DW than fruit. As a consequence of sink priority, when there is competition for limited resources, shoot growth continues at the expense of fruit growth.

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Section: Sink Strengthsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sink priority on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit vines

Snelgar

Minchin

Blatmann

et al. 2012

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…McAneney et al (1991) have demonstrated previously that not all of the root zone of kiwifruit needs to be supplied with water. This contention is also supported by occasional mid-day porometer measurements, which showed that the sunlit leaves on both vines had similar maximum stomatal conductances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This contention is also supported by occasional mid-day porometer measurements, which showed that the sunlit leaves on both vines had similar maximum stomatal conductances. McAneney et al (1991 ) concluded that root activity in kiwifruit is sufficiently dynamic to cope with differences in water distribution of this magnitude. So the covered vine was able to meet its evaporative demands over this four-week summer period, using just the initial reserves of water held within its o Root-2 (R2) as a fraction of (a) the total flow measured in both roots (RT = R I+R2) and (b) the total flow measured in Root-3 (R3) which was a large root from the control vine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root water uptake by kiwifruit vines following partial wetting of the root zone

1995

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Rates of sap flow and root-water uptake by two 7-year old kiwifruit vines (Acinidia deliciosa) were studied in an orchard with the aim of determining the ability of the vines to alter their spatial pattern of root-water uptake following differential wetting of the root zone. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to monitor changes in the soil's volumetric water content, 0. The heat-pulse technique was used to monitor sap flow not only in the stem but also in several large roots to see how root flow responded with local changes in soil water availability. Prior to irrigation there was a broad correspondence between the pattern of water uptake and the distribution of root-length density. However, following irrigation, we observed a preferential uptake of water from the wetter parts of the soil and a corresponding decline in water uptake from the drier parts of the soil. Observations of root uptake by TDR following irrigation also revealed the inordinate activity of near-surface roots. The vine would preferentially draw upon near-surface water if it were available. Kiwifruit vines are able to shift rapidly their pattern of uptake, in a matter of days, away from drier parts of the root zone and begin to extract water preferentially from those regions where it is more freely available. Upon full wetting of the root zone, previously inactive roots in the dry soil of the root zone were quickly able to recover their activity. Indeed their activity following rewatering was found to be greater than it had been prior to the period of soil dryness. A rapid flush of new root growth is considered to be the mechanism that leads to this enhanced activity.

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“…A number of factors can influence fruit size in kiwifruit including: pollination (Hopping 1990); crop load on the vine (Lahav et al 1989;Richardson & McAneney 1990;Cooper & Marshall 1991;Snelgar et al 1991); water deficits (Prendergast et al 1987;Judd et al 1989;McAneney et al 1991); leaf area (Cooper & Marshall 1991 ;Tombesi et al 1994); and light (Grant & Ryugo 1984;Morgan et al 1985;Snelgar & Hopkirk 1988;Snelgar et al 1992). Some of these factors can have effects which carry over beyond the season that they occur in.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Fruit Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Hall

McPherson

Crawford

et al. 1996

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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The results of controlled environment experiments and a field survey covering six major New Zealand kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) growing regions over 3 years showed, surprisingly, that the effect of temperature on the rate of fruit growth is small, at least during the second half of the fruit growth period. The considerable variation in the mean and standard deviation of fruit volume at harvest observed in the field among seasons and sites is therefore not attributable to temperature differences during the fruit-growing season. This raises the possibility that most of the factors affecting fruit growth rates may be established early in the season, so harvest fruit volumes can be predicted from early-season measurements. Mean fruit volumes observed in the field survey ranged from <85 ml (Kerikeri 1987 and Te Puke 1989) to > 130 ml (Kerikeri 1988 proportion of this should be attributed to management practices such as fruit thinning. The fruit growth curves could be described by a two-phase curve, with a reduction in slope 50-60 days after flowering. The initial phase, up to 50 days from flowering, produced growth rates of 1.55 ml/day. The second, slower phase of growth, averaged 0.42 ml/day over the period to harvest. A simple linear regression model was used to predict the mean fruit volume at harvest from measurements of fruit volume made at a given time during the period from 50 to 110 days from flowering (typically mid January and mid March, respectively). The percentage of the variation in mean fruit volume at harvest accounted for by the regression was 75% when based on measurements made 50 days from flowering and rose to nearly 98%, 110 days from flowering. A similar approach was used to predict the standard deviation of fruit volume at harvest. The observed standard deviation at harvest varied from 10 ml to just over 20 ml, which is within the range published by others. The regression of the standard deviation of the fruit volume at harvest on the standard deviation of fruit volume earlier in the season accounted for more than 80% of the observed variation from 50 days after flowering onwards.

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Irrigation Management for Optimum Kiwifruit Size

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Sink priority on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit vines

Sink priority on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit vines

Root water uptake by kiwifruit vines following partial wetting of the root zone

Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

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