Irreversibly Damaged Myocardium at MR Imaging with a Necrotic Tissue-Specific Contrast Agent in a Cat Model

Abstract

MR images enhanced with bis-gadolinium mesoporphyrins provide accurate sizing of irreversibly damaged myocardium with a strong and persistent signal enhancement in the reperfused myocardium.

Magnetic Resonance Characterization of the Peri-Infarction Zone of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction With Necrosis-Specific and Extracellular Nonspecific Contrast Media

“…Choi et al 19 claimed that mesoporphyrin produced maximum enhancement 1 to 3 hours after intravenous injection in cats with reperfused myocardial infarction. It is certainly true that greater myocardial enhancement by mesoporphyrin occurs early after the agent is administered.…”

“…Mesoporphyrin provides accurate sizing of occlusive and reperfused infarctions. [17][18][19] The purpose of this study was (1) to characterize the peri-infarction zone in moderately injured myocardium by use of the combination of Gd-DTPA and mesoporphyrin MR contrast media and (2) to determine the function (wall thickening) of regions enhanced by Gd-DTPA and mesoporphyrin. The major hypothesis of this study is that the difference in the areas demarcated by the 2 agents is the salvageable border zone with reduced but residual contractile function.…”

MR Contrast Agents for Cardiac Imaging

“…However, it is a post-mortem technique and not clinically applicable. Studies with both intravenous and intracoronary NACA injections have revealed that what is specifically enhanced on cardiac MRI corresponds exactly to what TTC dye does not stain on the excised heart, resulting in the same accuracy for MI delineation (Ni et al 1994(Ni et al , 2001bMarchal et al 1996;Herijgers et al 1997;Ni 1998;Lim et al 1999;Pislaru et al 1999;Saeed et al 1999;Stillman et al 1999;Wendland et al 1999;Choi et al 2000;Marchal and Ni 2000;Jeong et al 2001;Jin et al 2007) (Fig. 1).…”

“…The local concentration of Gd is frequently over tens of times higher in infarcted compared with normal myocardium. Finally, the potent effects of Gadophrin-2 for labeling spontaneous and therapeutic necroses, including MI and lesions of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on MRI, have been widely recognized a few years later, after multi-institutional reproducibility studies (Lim and Choi 1999;Saeed et al 1999;Stillman et al 1999;Wendland et al 1999;Choi et al 2000;Jeong et al 2001;Saeed et al 2001;Barkhausen et al 2002;Ni et al 2005c;Ni et al 2006a).…”

“…Besides a normal intravenous dose at 0.05-0.1 mmol/kg for cardiac MRI to visualize MI with an extended imaging window of 3-48 h (Ni et al 1994;Marchal et al 1996Marchal et al , 2000Herijgers et al 1997;Ni 1998;Pislaru et al 1999;Lim et al 1999;Saeed et al 1999;Stillman et al 1999;Wendland et al 1999;Choi et al 2000;Jeong et al 2001;Barkhausen et al 2002), intracoronary delivery of a tiny dose at 0.005 mmol/kg in combination with the percutaneous transcatheter coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedure served as a diagnostic adjuvant for MV determination and therapeutic assessment (Ni et al , 2001bJin et al 2007).…”