Irreversible structural changes in cryogenic mechanically milled isotactic polypropylene

Stranz, Michael; Köster, Uwe

doi:10.1007/s00396-003-0953-7

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For instance, the milling of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) leads to the transformation of the orthorhombic phase into a monoclinic one . Poly(vinylidene fluoride) transforms from the α to the β phase under milling, whereas the high‐energy milling of poly(vinyl acetate), polyamide 6, and polypropylene leads to the amorphization of the crystalline phase. The deformation of polymers can also be accompanied by a decrease in the molecular weight, changes in the morphology and size of the crystalline particles, and the oxidation and formation of crosslinked structures .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high‐energy ball milling on the structure and mechanical properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene

Maksimkin

Kaloshkin

Tcherdyntsev

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The structure and properties of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powder after severe deformation processing in a planetary ball mill were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Xray analysis. We found that the severe deformation processing of UHMWPE changed the morphology of the powder and caused amorphization and partial changes in the structure of the crystalline phase. Monolithic samples were obtained from the pretreated polymer with a hot-pressing method in a wide range of temperatures. The effect of preliminary deformation processing on the mechanical properties of UHMWPE was studied. It was revealed that during monolitization in its melting temperature range, the mechanical properties of the powder increased, whereas the percentage elongation decreased.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high‐energy ball milling on the structure and mechanical properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene

Maksimkin

Kaloshkin

Tcherdyntsev

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Cryogenic milling for 12 min affected the structural behavior of the polymer powders, which enhanced with increase in milling time for up to 30 min and, milling under cryogenic conditions resulted in fine polymer powders in as short time as 3 min. 21 Thirty minutes of cryomilling allowed for the formation of immiscible polymer blends and nanocomposites 22 and a homogeneous mixture of polymer powders. 23 The 60 and 180 min were chosen based on the fact that high degree of polymer dispersion was attained through cryomilling and the degree of dispersion increased with increase in cryomilling time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro degradation characteristics of poly(e-caprolactone)/poly(glycolic acid) scaffolds fabricated via solid-state cryomilling

2015

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Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) scaffolds were fabricated via solid-state cryomilling along with compression molding and porogen leaching techniques. Four types of scaffolds were produced using four distinct cryomilling times. These scaffolds were evaluated for their in-vitro degradation behavior hydrolytically in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The degradation profiles were investigated over a period of 60 days. The percentage of weight loss, percentage of water absorption, morphology, compressive, thermal, and material properties were studied as a function of degradation time. Weight loss and water absorption demonstrated a high correlation, which showed an increasing behavior with increase in cryomilling time and degradation time. Morphology of the scaffolds analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed micro-cracks on the surface of the cylindrical struts due to hydrolytic attack and dissolution of hydrophilic PGA. Changes in compressive modulus and crystallinity over the degradation period and material properties were analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. DSC and XRD results indicated that hydrolytic attack had taken place during degradation, resulting in moments of increased and decreased percent crystallinity. This study successfully brought forth the differences in resultant properties of the PCL/PGA scaffolds as a function of degradation time.

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“…The process of cryomilling is also termed as cryogenic grinding. This process has extensively been used for the amorphization of drugs and their dispersion [47,[218][219][220][221], blending two or more immiscible polymers and change in their morphology [55,[222][223][224] and dispersion of second phase materials in some polymeric matrix [225][226][227]. In fact, the utilization of this process for polymeric and polymer-based composites is more extensive than for metallic materials.…”

Section: Cryogrinding Of Polymer and Polymer-based Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryomilling as environmentally friendly synthesis route to prepare nanomaterials

Katiyar

Biswas

Tiwary

2020

International Materials Reviews

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The milling of materials at cryogenic temperature has gained importance both in academic as well as the industrial community in the last two decades, primarily because of significant advantages this technique as compared to milling at room temperature; environmental friendly nature, cost-effectiveness, rapid grain refinement, less contamination, and large scale production capability of various nanomaterials. Scientifically, milling at cryo-temperature exhibits several distinct material related phenomena; suppression of recovery and recrystallization, predominant fractures over cold welding, significantly low oxidation, and contamination, leading to rapid grain refinement. Cryomilling has extensively been used to obtain finer scale powder of spices for the preservation of aroma, medicines for effective dissolution, or amorphization. It has been considered an environmentally friendly process as it utilizes benign liquid nitrogen or argon without discharging any toxic entity to the environment, making the process attractive and sustainable. The present review is intended to provide various scientific as well as technological aspects of cryomilling, environmental impact, and future direction.

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Irreversible structural changes in cryogenic mechanically milled isotactic polypropylene

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of high‐energy ball milling on the structure and mechanical properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene

Effect of high‐energy ball milling on the structure and mechanical properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene

In-vitro degradation characteristics of poly(e-caprolactone)/poly(glycolic acid) scaffolds fabricated via solid-state cryomilling

Cryomilling as environmentally friendly synthesis route to prepare nanomaterials

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