Irreversible nongenetic adaptation

Kinne, Otto

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(62)90056-7

Cited by 91 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…That is, the incubation periods for eggs fertilized in low salinities (2.5, 5 ~ were shorter, the eggs were slightly larger in diameter, and the larvae ultimately produced were larger in comparison with the results obtained for eggs fertilized in (Kinne, 1962), whereby induced adjustments may occur in the organism as a result of differences in early life history -adjustments of a nongenetic nature that may modify the individual during its life span. We suspect that the differences in egg diameter noted are the result of irreversible changes occurring in the egg capsule during water hardening, which we presume would have begun within the 21/>hr period of exposure to the fertilization salinity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effects of short-term storage of gametes on fertilization of Pacific herring eggs

Alderdice

Velsen

1978

Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters

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A method is described whereby arrays of samples of Clupea pallasi eggs may be stored during their preparation. The high fertilization potential retained by the eggs during short-term storage allows them to be fertilized synchronously when sample preparation is complete. A variation of the "dry" method of storage retained maximum fertilization potential (80-85 ~ of the eggs for about 1 hr, and of milt dilution (1:8 with 17 %o S sea water), about 7 hr. Following dry storage, eggs fertilized in salinities of 0-45 %0 showed maximum rates of fertilization in salinities of 10-20 %0, and fertilization rates .> 50 0/o in salinities of 4.5-42 %0. Salinities of fertilization influenced egg diameter, median hatching time, and larval length at hatching in egg samples transferred 21/2 hr aflcer fertilization to an incubation salinity of 17 %0 at 7 ~ Fertilization rates were higher (90-95 ~ for eggs stored in 17 % S at 7 ~ prior to fertilization. Under such "wet" storage conditions, maximum fertilization potential was retained for about 2 hr. Highest fertilization rates (95-96 ~ were obtained for eggs stored and fertilized in salinities of 12-15 %0. For the species and the area of origin considered (British Columbia), wet storage of eggs should result in maximum fertilization when the eggs are stored at 4 ~ for a period not greater than 2 hr prior to fertilization in the 12-15 %0 S storage medium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effects of short-term storage of gametes on fertilization of Pacific herring eggs

Alderdice

Velsen

1978

Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters

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“…It should be mentioned that this variation may also partially involve irreversible non-genetic adaptations induced by``environmental imprinting'' during early ontogenesis, as has been shown for salinity tolerance and temperaturedependence of metabolism in some marine ®sh and invertebrates (Tay and Garside 1975;Zamer and Mangum 1979). However, it was argued that the phenomenon of irreversible non-genetic adaptations is generally uncommon in animals (Kinne 1962). Thus, observed differences in V max and temperature dependence of the studied enzymes in animals from dierent latitudes and shore levels are most likely genetically determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature effects on key metabolic enzymes in Littorina saxatilis and L. obtusata from different latitudes and shore levels

Sokolova

Pörtner

2001

Marine Biology

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Eects of temperature on activities of key metabolic enzymes, citrate synthase (CS), NADPdependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), were studied in high and low shore Littorina saxatilis and in low shore L. obtusata from the temperate North Sea and the sub-arctic White Sea. It was found that adaptation of L. saxatilis and L. obtusata to life at dierent latitudes and/or shore levels involves constitutive changes in enzymatic activities, so that animals naturally adapted to (micro-) environments with lower mean temperatures (i.e. in the White Sea or at low shore levels) tend to have higher enzyme activities as compared to their counterparts from warmer habitats (e.g. the North Sea or high shore levels, respectively).This suggests metabolic temperature compensation in dierent populations/subpopulational groups of this eurythermal species. Activities of all ®ve studied enzymes were modulated by adaptations to high shore life in L. saxatilis, whereas only NADP-IDH, PK and PEPCK had dierent activities in animals from dierent latitudes. Adaptation to high shore life also involved an enhanced potential for anaerobic energy production via the succinate pathway in Littorina spp. (measured as the ratio of PEPCK and PK activities), which increased in the order: low shore L. obtusata £ low shore L. saxatilis< high shore L. saxatilis. Possibly, an increased anaerobic capacity is advantageous for snails at high shore levels, where they may experience limited oxygen access during prolonged air exposure. In contrast, the activation energies of the respective enzymes did not reveal a consistent pattern of variation and were similar in animals from dierent latitudes and shore levels. Arrhenius breakpoint temperatures (ABT) of the studied enzymes characterising a change in the thermal properties of the protein were found well within the average highs of ambient temperatures (20±35°C). Denaturation temperatures (T d ), indicating heat inactivation of the protein, were close to the environmental extremes experienced by L. saxatilis during summer low tide. These ®ndings suggest that the metabolic machinery of this eurythermal species may function close to its physiological limits during summer low tide, especially at high shore levels.

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“…However, it has so far not been demonstrated that mere age differences can explain differences in growth performance of brown shrimps. A possible further explanation might be irreversible non-genetic adaptation as described by Kinne (1962). Once animals have adapted to conditions experienced during early life, in our case winter conditions characterized by low temperatures and low food quality or quantity (Hufnagl et al 2010b), they might not be able to display high growth once more favourable conditions are established.…”

Section: Cohort Effect On Growth Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth in the brown shrimpCrangon crangon. I. Effects of food, temperature, size, gender, moulting, and cohort

Hufnagl

Temming²

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Irreversible nongenetic adaptation

Cited by 91 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of short-term storage of gametes on fertilization of Pacific herring eggs

Effects of short-term storage of gametes on fertilization of Pacific herring eggs

Temperature effects on key metabolic enzymes in Littorina saxatilis and L. obtusata from different latitudes and shore levels

Growth in the brown shrimpCrangon crangon. I. Effects of food, temperature, size, gender, moulting, and cohort

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