Irreversible hemorrhagic shock in rats: method and critical bleeding volume

Strawitz, Joseph G.; Hift, Helen; Temple, Robert; Ehrhardt, Anton F.; Rozansky, N.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1961.200.2.257

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…also [91,271,849,1163,1401,1473,1474]). The mortality rate of rats from which 3.9-4.00/0 of the body weight in blood has been withdrawn varies between 20-700/0 [1393].For humans an acute loss of approx. 50 0 /0 of the BV and more is of the greatest danger.…”

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confidence: 99%

Blood Replacement

Gruber¹

1969

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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form withoutwritten permission from Springer-Verlag. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1969. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 69-16845Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1969The use of general descriptive names, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Title-No. 1551 Dedicated to my wife LisaEs wurde fertig in Deiner Hut. Bleib Du mir auf dieser Erden, so 5011 alles fertig werden. THOMAS MANN ForewordThe manifold problems of shock are still of great importance, diagnostic and therapeutic experience of the "severely ill" being supplied with new information almost every month. In the 5 periodicals which have found their way to my desk during the past few days there are no less than 10 interesting articles on questions concerning shock research [see Bibliography 41 b, 53 a, 60 a, 192 a, 242 a, 350 b, 810 a, 941 a, 1069 a, 1082 a]. The most urgent point still is to maintain as complete as possible the objective catalog of the various shock manifestations found in man and in animals -yet at the same time to view interpretations of these phenomena in their relative and temporal "truth".Problems of shock research are not only interesting for their scientific value but also for their clinical implication. In particular, almost every practicing physician is facing problems of blood replacement very frequently. The effective or circulating blood volume remains an important theoretical and therapeutic problem in the shock field. For years, U. F. GRUBER has pursued this question clinically and experimentally. This volume deals with the world literature in an exceptionally thorough manner. This book is made more than a compilation by including a long list of original work done with F. D. MOORE in Boston, in the Surgical Department in Chur, with L. E. GELIN and S. E. BERGENTZ in Goteborg and in the Laboratory for Experimental Surgery in Davos; judgements are made on the basis of original studies, and essential points are separated from unimportant ones. This volume will be welcomed by the medical profession because it carefully treats vital questions concerning this complicated, much-discussed, and in part contested field, considering that today, along with various forms of blood and several plasma preparations, there are more than 40 different plasma replacement substances available with various physico-chemical, biological and pharmacological properties. Older preparations have been abandoned, others modified, and new ones appear.A comparative evaluation of the chemical characteristics, the range of indication and the therapeutic effectiveness of these solutions suggests itself particularly at this time because in recent years the use of large amounts of balanced electrolyte solutions tended to reverse the principles of blood replaceme...

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confidence: 99%

Blood Replacement

Gruber¹

1969

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“…However if this condition continued over 4 h 90% of the rats died within 48 h [11]. A 53% loss of blood resulted in the death of the rats in about 80-85% of cases within 4 h [9].The 35% loss of blood used in this work was estimated to result in hemorrhagic shock but usually most of the rats tolerated this procedure without mortality during the observation period. In the study of Berg et al [2] one-third of the total blood volume was removed.…”

Section: Loss Of Bloodmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In the experiments male Sprague-Dawley rats were used with a average weight of 500-550 g. The blood loss of 35% of the total blood volume was induced by the method of Strawitz et al [9] which is a combination of tail bleeding and heart puncture. The procedure usually did not result in any rat mortalities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloperoxidase activity in skin lesions

Laiho

1997

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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The measurement of the myeloperoxidase activity was used to quantify the acute granulocyte reaction. A 35% loss of blood resulted in a clear decrease of the myeloperoxidase activity at the edges of experimental incision wounds in rat skin in the first day after inflicting the wounds. After 12 h only about one-third and after 24 h about half of the activity observed in the wounds without the loss of blood remained. After 3 days however the activity had returned to the same level as in the wounds without any loss of blood. In very deep excoriations of the rat skin where only a narrow zone of the dermis was left about double the activity increase was observed after 12 and 24 h when compared to values observed in very superficial or moderate excoriations. When the same type of excoriations were made in both thin inguinal skin and thick dorsal skin then a much higher peroxidase activity increase was observed over 4, 12 and 24 h in the thin inguinal skin than in the excoriations made in the thick dorsal skin.

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“…How¬ ever, these experiments were per¬ formed at different times on dif¬ ferent groups of rats. Obviously, paired experiments should be per¬ formed before concluding that the dextran or starch solutions produced Ringer's solution (c) 6.1 10 * Both dog and rat experiments were performed in pairs and solutions a and b randomly chosen as the therapeutic solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%