Irreversible Electroporation: Background, Theory, and Review of Recent Developments in Clinical Oncology

Aycock, Kenneth N.; Davalos, Rafael V.

doi:10.1089/bioe.2019.0029

Cited by 109 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(207 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Electrochemotherapy is becoming an established method for treating skin metastasis and is now moving to a deep-seated tumor 36,37 . Irreversible electroporation is on its way to become the leading therapy for hard to reach tumors 38 and cardiac tissue ablation 39 . A promising medical field is DNA vaccination with the help of electric pulse treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of adaptive resistance to electric pulsed field treatment in CHO cell line in vitro

Polajžer

Miklavčič

2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pulsed electric field treatment has increased over the last few decades with successful translation from in vitro studies into different medical treatments like electrochemotherapy, irreversible electroporation for tumor and cardiac tissue ablation and gene electrotransfer for gene therapy and DNA vaccination. Pulsed electric field treatments are efficient but localized often requiring repeated applications to obtain results due to partial response and recurrence of disease. While these treatment times are several orders of magnitude lower than conventional biochemical treatment, it has been recently suggested that cells may become resistant to electroporation in repetitive treatments. In our study, we evaluate this possibility of developing adaptive resistance in cells exposed to pulsed electric field treatment over successive lifetimes. Mammalian cells were exposed to electroporation pulses for 30 generations. Every 5 th generation was analyzed by determining permeabilization and survival curve. No statistical difference between cells in control and cells exposed to pulsed electric field treatment was observed. We offer evidence that electroporation does not affect cells in a way that they would become less susceptible to pulsed electric field treatment. Our findings indicate pulsed electric field treatment can be used in repeated treatments with each treatment having equal efficiency to the initial treatment. Electroporation or pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment can cause increase in membrane permeability and allows molecules, for which the membrane is mostly impermeable, to cross. Two distinct outcomes of electroporation can be observed and used: reversible and irreversible electroporation. In reversible electroporation cells manage to repair the damage caused by electric pulses, i.e. cells survive. This has been widely used in different scientific fields for inserting molecules of interest into the cell. One of the more widely used applications is gene electro-transfer, which allows genetic manipulation. From a simple increased transfection this was developed into gene therapy 1,2 and DNA vaccination 3,4. While with gene therapy new genes and products are expressed within the host cell, DNA vaccination induces immune response of host organism. Combination of DNA vaccine injection and electroporation is most potent DNA delivery for subsequent immune response 5. Increased cell membrane permeability is also being exploited in electrochemotherapy (ECT). ECT is a combination of electric pulses and chemotherapeutic drug. Due to increased cell membrane permeability chemotherapeutic drug enter the cell which potentiates the cytotoxicity of the drug 6,7. ECT has been proved as a safe and efficient procedure for skin malignancies and now studies have been initiated to treat deep-seated tumors 8,9. The other possible outcome of electroporation is irreversible electroporation (IRE), where the damage to the cells is too extensive and leads to cell death. The use of irreversible electroporation as tissue ablation techn...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of our study can help to understand if PEF treatment can be used in repeated treatments in clinics. Cells were exposed to well established and most often used electroporation pulses; 100 µs long monopolar pulses with repetition frequency 1 Hz 38,40 . Two controls were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of adaptive resistance to electric pulsed field treatment in CHO cell line in vitro

Polajžer

Miklavčič

2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to Vroomen et al, these features may be useful to establish technical success and predict treatment outcome. Granata et al (12,13) assessed morphological (Figures 3 and 4) and functional ( Figure 5) diagnostic parameters to evaluate the efficacy of ECT (61,(78)(79)(80)(81). The researchers showed that RECIST criteria were not able to discriminate partial, complete, or incomplete response after treatment, conversely using functional parameters, obtained with PET and MRI, it is possible.…”

Section: Findings On Radiological Therapeutic Responses To Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ablation Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer: The Radiologist’s Challenge

Granata

Grassi²,

Fusco

et al. 2020

Front. Oncol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article provides an overview of imaging assessment of ablated pancreatic cancer. Only studies reporting radiological assessment on pancreatic ablated cancer were retained. We found 16 clinical studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Radiofrequency ablation and irreversible electroporation have become established treatment modalities because of their efficacy, low complication rates, and availability. Microwave Ablation (MWA) has several advantages over radiofrequency ablation (RFA), which may make it more attractive to treat pancreatic cancer. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a very interesting emerging technique, characterized by low complication rate and safety profile. According to the literature, the assessment of the effectiveness of ablative therapies is difficult by means of the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria that are not suitable to evaluate the treatment response considering that are related to technique used, the timing of reassessment, and the imaging procedure being used to evaluate the efficacy. RFA causes various appearances on imaging in the ablated zone, correlating to the different effects, such as interstitial edema, hemorrhage, carbonization, necrosis, and fibrosis. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) causes the creation of pores within the cell membrane causing cell death. Experimental studies showed that Diffusion Weigthed Imaging (DWI) extracted parameters could be used to detect therapy effects. No data about functional assessment post MWA is available in literature. Morphologic data extracted by Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) do not allow to differentiate partial, complete, or incomplete response after ECT conversely to functional parameters, obtained with Position Emission Tomography (PET), MRI, and CT.

show abstract

“…The persistence of cells permeable state depends on the pulse duration and the number of pulses applied [ 29 ]. When applied PEFs do not overcome the irreversible electroporation threshold, the resealing of the cell membrane occurs [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. The process engages multiple mechanisms.…”

Section: The Theoretical Background Of Epmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroporation-Based Treatments in Urology

Szlasa

Saczko

Kulbacka

2020

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The observation that an application of a pulsed electric field (PEF) resulted in an increased permeability of the cell membrane has led to the discovery of the phenomenon called electroporation (EP). Depending on the parameters of the electric current and cell features, electroporation can be either reversible or irreversible. The irreversible electroporation (IRE) found its use in urology as a non-thermal ablative method of prostate and renal cancer. As its mechanism is based on the permeabilization of cell membrane phospholipids, IRE (as well as other treatments based on EP) provides selectivity sparing extracellular proteins and matrix. Reversible EP enables the transfer of genes, drugs, and small exogenous proteins. In clinical practice, reversible EP can locally increase the uptake of cytotoxic drugs such as cisplatin and bleomycin. This approach is known as electrochemotherapy (ECT). Few in vivo and in vitro trials of ECT have been performed on urological cancers. EP provides the possibility of transmission of genes across the cell membrane. As the protocols of gene electrotransfer (GET) over the last few years have improved, EP has become a well-known technique for non-viral cell transfection. GET involves DNA transfection directly to the cancer or the host skin and muscle tissue. Among urological cancers, the GET of several plasmids encoding prostate cancer antigens has been investigated in clinical trials. This review brings into discussion the underlying mechanism of EP and an overview of the latest progress and development perspectives of EP-based treatments in urology.

show abstract

Irreversible Electroporation: Background, Theory, and Review of Recent Developments in Clinical Oncology

Cited by 109 publications

References 180 publications

Development of adaptive resistance to electric pulsed field treatment in CHO cell line in vitro

Development of adaptive resistance to electric pulsed field treatment in CHO cell line in vitro

Assessment of Ablation Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer: The Radiologist’s Challenge

Electroporation-Based Treatments in Urology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About