Irreversible Bronchospasm in Hodgkin??s Disease

Jewell, William R.; Furman, Richard; Hasbrouck, Jan D.

doi:10.1097/00132586-197302000-00026

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Many studies have addressed the reuse or recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from urine. , However, human urine also contains abundant potassium, an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Countries lacking in potash reserves, such as China, the United States, India, and Brazil, might face agriculture risks because they contributed approximately 53% of the global food demand in 2010 . Therefore, the recovery of potassium from urine may provide a new source of potash fertilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Crystal Size of Struvite-K Formed in Synthetic Urine Using a Stirred Reactor

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The crystallization of struvite-K (MgKPO4·6H2O) can simultaneously recover phosphate and potassium from source-separated urine. However, its crystal size has been rarely reported despite significantly affecting the crystallizer performance. Experimental results show that the average size of struvite-K was 15–63 μm in ammonium-depleted synthetic urine under the examined conditions with a stirred reactor. A low supersaturation ratio (S r) or the same S r induced by low pH and high Mg:P ratio resulted in large crystal size. Large crystals also formed at high agitation speed, small feed volume, or feeding close to the stirring impeller. The size distribution of struvite-K crystals was predicted using the coupling resolution of the population balance equation to on-site turbidity measurement. The estimated kinetic parameters quantitatively described the nucleation and crystal growth of struvite-K under different conditions of supersaturation, feeding, and mixing. This work proposes approaches to obtain large crystals while reducing fines of struvite-K.

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