Irreversibility scrutinization on EMHD Darcy–Forchheimer slip flow of Carreau hybrid nanofluid through a stretchable surface in porous medium with temperature‐variant properties

Abstract

The significance of hybrid nanofluids in controlling heat transmission cannot be overemphasized. Therefore, this article scrutinizes the electromagnetized flow of Carreau hybrid nanofluid towards a stretching surface in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium with the occurrence of slip conditions. To form the hybrid nanofluid, the amalgamation of silver and alumina nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in water as conventional fluid is assumed. For accurate interception of the rate of heat and mass transport, thermal conductivity and mass diffusion conductance are presumed to be temperature variants. The modeling system of partial differential equations has been translated into a nondimensional form by means of suitable similarity conversions. Then, the subsequent system of ordinary differential equations is handled using overlapping domain decomposition spectral local linearization method to acquire numerical solutions. The choice of the method has been justified through the provision of errors, condition numbers, and computation time.

Overlapping Grid-Based Spectral Collocation Technique for Bioconvective Flow of MHD Williamson Nanofluid over a Radiative Circular Cylindrical Body with Activation Energy

“…A comprehensive parametric study is carried out and numerical results are reported in this section through graphs. The numerical computation is performed for each parameter by assigning fixed values to other related parameters as ξ = π 2 [13,28], ω = 0.2 [28], Rb = 0.1 [28],Nt = 0.1 [13,28], Nb = 0.3 [13,28], Sc = 10 [13,28], Pe = 1 [28], Sb = 1 [28], Nr = 0.5 [13,28], Pr = 6.8 [28], δ = 0.5 [4], K c = 2 [18], Bi = 5 [13,28], K m = 2, M = 0.5 [4,17], f w [18]= 0.5, Rd = 0.5 [17], θ f = 1.1 [16], Λ = 1 [17], ε = 1 [28], β = 0.5 [37], Q = 0.2 [37], α = 0.3 [39], E = 2 [18], p = 0.2 [18], Ω = 0.1 [17], λ = 5 [13,28], and Nn = 0.2 [29]. To corroborate the correctness of the present numerical method, the results for the heat transfer rate −θ ′ (0) were contrasted against those disclosed by Merkin [15], Nazar et al [1], Rashad et al [13], Rashad et al [28], and Zahar et al [16] in Table 1.…”

“…The correctness of the NF flow and the rate of heat transmission can be achieved by considering the temperature-variant fluid viscosity and heat conductance. Consequently, the fluid velocity follows an exponential variation with temperature and the thermal conductivity fluctuates linearly with temperature, respectively, as follows [36][37][38][39]…”