Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computing Process

Landauer, Rolf

doi:10.1147/rd.53.0183

Cited by 4,104 publications

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“…This is consistent with the spirit of Landauer's information erasing principle [4]. In the original ideal CSEZ the insertion does not need work such that the whole process results in extracting the energy k B T ln2 from the bath or the entropy decrease k B ln2.…”

Section: Case (B) Adiabatic Expansion and Thermalizationsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…1. Later, Landauer [4] and Bennett [5] completely analyzed the SZE, and showed that the erasure or reset of the Demon memory costs at least the energy of k B T ln2 associated with the entropy decrease of the engine. It was conjectured [6][7][8] that there exists a general equivalence relation between information and work; namely, that by having any information J about the state of a physical system, it is possible, by allowing the system to relax to its maximum-entropy state, to convert into mechanical work an amount of heat W = k B T J without any entropy increase in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the quantum Szilard engine with fully quantum considerations

Zou

et al. 2012

Annals of Physics

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By considering level shifting during the insertion process we revisit the quantum Szilard engine (QSZE) with fully quantum consideration. We derive the general expressions of the heat absorbed from thermal bath and the total work done to the environment by the system in a cycle with two different cyclic strategies. We find that only the quantum information contributes to the absorbed heat, and the classical information acts like a feedback controller and has no direct effect on the absorbed heat. This is the first demonstration of the different effects of quantum information and classical information for extracting heat from the bath in the QSZE. Moreover, when the well width L → ∞ or the temperature of the bath T → ∞ the QSZE reduces to the classical Szilard engine (CSZE), and the total work satisfies the relation W tot = k B T ln2 as obtained by Sang Wook Kim et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 070401 (2011)] for one particle case.

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Section: Case (B) Adiabatic Expansion and Thermalizationsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the quantum Szilard engine with fully quantum considerations

Zou

et al. 2012

Annals of Physics

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“…In the erasure of quantum information we can get rid of the very last qubit (also called primitive erasure) by an irreversible manner. As in the classical case, erasure process always involves spending certain amount of energy [22,23] whereas deleting refers to a un-copying type of operation. The essential difference between classical and quantum is, in classical world deletion and erasure both are allowed but in quantum world deletion is not allowed whereas erasure is.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum deleting and signalling

Pati

Braunstein

2003

Physics Letters A

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It is known that if we can clone an arbitrary state we can send signal faster than light. Here, we show that deletion of unknown quantum state against a copy can lead to superluminal signalling. But erasure of unknown quantum state does not imply faster than light signalling.Keywords: Linearity, cloning, deleting, signalling Two deep rooted concepts in quantum theory are linear superposition principle and linear evolution equations [1]. Linear superposition principle is the one which makes any two state quantum system a unique one, namely, a qubit which is not realized in classical world. The real power of qubits is being exploited in the emerging field of quantum computation and information technology [2]. On the other hand linear evolution makes certain operations impossible on arbitrary superposition of quantum states. One of the simplest, yet profound principle of quantum theory is that we cannot clone [3,4] an unknown quantum state exactly. This is a consequence of linearity of the evolution of quantum states. Subsequently, using unitarity of quantum evolution it was shown that two non-orthogonal quantum states cannot be perfectly copied [5]. If we give up the requirement of perfect copies then it is possible to copy an unknown state approximately by deterministic cloning machines [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Recent understanding suggests that non-orthogonal states from a linear independent set can be copied exactly by a unitary and measurement process [12,13] and can evolve into a linear superposition of multiple copy states [14].But what could go wrong if we can clone an arbitrary state? It was already known before no-cloning theorem that if one can clone an arbitrary state then using non-local resources such as Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair one can send signal faster than light [15]. Nocloning theorem came to rescue the violation of causality in the same year [3,4]. Thus, linear evolution of quantum theory and principle of special theory of relativity are in peace. In fact, one can go a step further and ask if no-signalling condition can give basic axiomatic structures of quantum mechanics [16]. The fidelity of universal cloning (both symmetric and asymmetric) allowed by quantum theory and no-signalling condition of special relativity are at just boarder line of crossing each other, in the sense that if one could have even a smallest departures from that value, one could send signals faster than light [17,18]. Also, it was 1

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“…As the outputs cannot be fully unambiguously reversed back to their corresponding input, part of the input information is inevitably lost. Such logical irreversibility has a profound practical implication: the energy efficiency of Boolean-based computer is ultimately capped at the Landauer's limit, an irreducible waste heat generation of k B T ln 2 per bit of information erased [65].…”

Section: B Concept Of Reversible Valleytronic Gatementioning

confidence: 99%

Valleytronics in merging Dirac cones: All-electric-controlled valley filter, valve, and universal reversible logic gate

et al. 2017

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Despite much anticipation of valleytronics as a candidate to replace the aging complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) based information processing, its progress is severely hindered by the lack of practical ways to manipulate valley polarization all electrically in an electrostatic setting. Here, we propose a class of all-electric-controlled valley filter, valve, and logic gate based on the valley-contrasting transport in a merging Dirac cones system. The central mechanism of these devices lies on the pseudospin-assisted quantum tunneling which effectively quenches the transport of one valley when its pseudospin configuration mismatches that of a gate-controlled scattering region. The valley polarization can be abruptly switched into different states and remains stable over semi-infinite gate-voltage windows. Colossal tunneling valleypseudomagnetoresistance ratio of over 10000% can be achieved in a valley-valve setup. We further propose a valleytronic-based logic gate capable of covering all 16 types of two-input Boolean logics. Remarkably, the valley degree of freedom can be harnessed to resurrect logical reversibility in two-input universal Boolean gate. The (2+1) polarization states (two distinct valleys plus a null polarization) reestablish one-to-one inputto-output mapping, a crucial requirement for logical reversibility, and significantly reduce the complexity of reversible circuits. Our results suggest that the synergy of valleytronics and digital logics may provide new paradigms for valleytronic-based information processing and reversible computing. Despite much anticipation of valleytronics as a candidate to replace the aging complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) based information processing, its progress is severely hindered by the lack of practical ways to manipulate valley polarization all electrically in an electrostatic setting. Here, we propose a class of all-electric-controlled valley filter, valve, and logic gate based on the valley-contrasting transport in a merging Dirac cones system. The central mechanism of these devices lies on the pseudospin-assisted quantum tunneling which effectively quenches the transport of one valley when its pseudospin configuration mismatches that of a gate-controlled scattering region. The valley polarization can be abruptly switched into different states and remains stable over semi-infinite gate-voltage windows. Colossal tunneling valley-pseudomagnetoresistance ratio of over 10 000% can be achieved in a valley-valve setup. We further propose a valleytronic-based logic gate capable of covering all 16 types of two-input Boolean logics. Remarkably, the valley degree of freedom can be harnessed to resurrect logical reversibility in two-input universal Boolean gate. The (2 + 1) polarization states (two distinct valleys plus a null polarization) reestablish one-to-one input-to-output mapping, a crucial requirement for logical reversibility, and significantly reduce the complexity of reversible circuits. Our results suggest that the synergy of va...

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Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computing Process

Cited by 4,104 publications

References 0 publications

Revisiting the quantum Szilard engine with fully quantum considerations

Revisiting the quantum Szilard engine with fully quantum considerations

Quantum deleting and signalling

Valleytronics in merging Dirac cones: All-electric-controlled valley filter, valve, and universal reversible logic gate

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