“…"S" means that the study element in the replication study is similar enough to the original study that it would be considered a fair test of the original hypothesis, and "D" means that the study element is distinctly different in original and replication studies, testing beyond the original hypothesis So far, there have been no equivalent, large-scale replication projects in ecology or related fields. However, meta-analytic studies have shown that several classic behavioral ecology findings do not reliably replicate (Sánchez-Tójar et al, 2018;Seguin & Forstmeier, 2012;Wang et al, 2018). In addition, all of the conditions expected to drive low rates of replication mentioned above appear common in ecology and evolution (Fidler et al, 2017;Parker et al, 2016): low power (Jennions & Moller, 2000), publication bias (Cassey, Ewen, Blackburn, & Moller, 2004;Fanelli, 2012;Franco et al, 2014;Jennions & Moller, 2002;Murtaugh, 2002), and prevalence of questionable research practices (Fraser et al, 2018).…”