“…Only recently has an empirical body of data that link irrational beliefs with a host of psychopathological disorders appeared (Bernard & Joyce, 1984; Sutton-Simon, 1981). Researchers who have employed a variety of assessment devices have found irrational beliefs to be associated with anxiety disorders (Himle, Thyer, & Papsdorf, 1982; Newmark, Frerking, Cooking, & Newmark, 1973; Shorkey & Sutton-Simon, 1983; Smith, Houston, & Zurawski, 1984; Sutton-Simon & Goldfried, 1979; Thyer, Papsdorf, & Kilgore, 1983); depression (Cash, 1984; LaPointe & Crandell, 1980; Nelson, 1977; Newmark & Whitt, 1983; Thyer & Papsdorf, 1981); alcoholism (Shorkey & Moore, 1981); and a range of personality factors, which include dogmatism, internalityexternality, self-esteem, and assertiveness (Daly & Burton, 1983; Forman & Forman, 1978;Shorkey & Armendariz, 1985;Tobacyk & Milford, 1982).…”