Irradiation Time and Ablation Rate of Enamel in Contact and Non-contact Irradiation with Er:YAG Laser

Abstract

Irradiation exposure of < or = 3 s per application of laser beam is recommended to ablate enamel effectively in both non-contact and contact irradiation.

Energy output reduction and surface alteration of quartz tips following Er:YAG laser contact irradiation on soft and hard tissues <i>in vitro </i>

“…However, information concerning the alteration of contact tips and changes in energy output after periodontal applications is insufficient [37][38][39][40][41] . Therefore, in the present study, changes in the energy output and surface topography of the quartz tips following ErL contact irradiation on periodontal soft and hard tissues were investigated.…”

“…As for the mechanism of surface deterioration, the attrition and abrasion caused by mechanical impact and thermal stress during contact irradiation are speculated as potential causes 38) . The mechanical impact would be caused by extensive pressure and shock waves including micro-explosive ablation that produces high-speed hard tissue fragments.…”

“…Furthermore, the use of ErL has also been proposed in implant therapy applications such as the implant placement procedure as well as treatment of peri-implantitis [32][33][34][35][36][37] . On ErL irradiation, two irradiation modes are available: non-contact and contact modes 38) . In the non-contact mode, the laser beam is delivered without a contact tip, and a red diode laser, which is released coaxially from the handpiece, is utilized for spot guidance.…”

Influência dos níveis de energia do laser Er:YAG na capacidade de ablação, microdureza e morfologia da dentina superficial e profunda

“…The explanation is based on the principle that the higher the energy per pulse on tooth tissue, the higher the energy density per pulse repetition, and, consequently, a higher inertial-confined heating of water creates enormous subsurface pressures that lead to the microexplosive removal of the surrounding mineral matrix and consequently more ablation of the tissue. 35,43 On the other hand, small increases in the energy levels did not result in significant amounts of dentin removed. These results suggest that, regardless of the dentin depth, there is a similar amount of tissue removed when the energy level is not highly increased.…”

“…[34][35][36][37] The amount of tissue removed is thought to increase in proportion to the Er:YAG laser energy. However, with increased ablation efficiency, the dentin microstructure may be affected by the thermal effect and the resulting surface may vary from a white spot to charring, fusion, roughening, melting, recrystallization, cracking, and both de/remineralization and deproteinization.…”