Irradiation swelling of explosively shocked materials

Kosenkov, V. M.; Колесников, А. В.; Vorobjev, S.A

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(99)00049-5

Journal of Nuclear Materials

1999

DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3115(99)00049-5

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Irradiation swelling of explosively shocked materials

V. M. Kosenkov

А. В. Колесников

S.A Vorobjev

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Consequently, there remains only one path -change in the quality or perfection of the crystal lattice. Experiments [4,5] have shown that an effective method could be exposing materials to an explosion wave under conditions where the defects which are formed at peak pressure remain in the crystal lattice. Although it is still difficult to talk about purposeful creation of particular defects in various substances, the results of a ten-fold decrease of radiation swelling of beryllium oxide [4] show that such experiments are promising.…”

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Decrease of Radiation Swelling of Explosion-Worked Graphite

et al. 2005

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Radiation swelling (change of the unit-cell parameters) of reactor graphite and diamond is measured as a function of the perfection of the crystal lattice. The initial powders are irradiated together with powders which have been exposed to an explosive wave with nominal pressure ~40 GPa. Such treatment results in up to 100% broadening of the diffraction lines. In addition, ultrasmall-grain diamond is used. Irradiation is conducted in a BOR-60 reactor up to fluence 1·10 22 cm -2 at 390 and 475°C. The investigation shows that the distortion of the crystal lattice and change in the size of crystallites can decrease by factors of 1.6-5 the growth of the unit-cell parameters of graphite and diamond.A substantial negative consequence of the irradiation of nonmetallic materials is a change in density and, therefore, volume of the object irradiated. In most cases, this change, defined as the change in the volume per atom (or molecule), is associated with the average size of a unit cell, calculated from the positions of diffraction lines. In composite materials, the change in density of the crystal component also can have a great significance. Radiation swelling, which depends on the crystal chemistry of the substance [1], can reach large values after irradiation at temperatures 100-250°C: 16% for beryllium oxide [2] and ~50% for diamond [3]. As irradiation temperature increases, these values, of course, decrease.In formulating the problem of preventing such swelling, a condition is often imposed not to introduce foreign atoms into a nonmetallic material. Consequently, there remains only one path -change in the quality or perfection of the crystal lattice. Experiments [4,5] have shown that an effective method could be exposing materials to an explosion wave under conditions where the defects which are formed at peak pressure remain in the crystal lattice. Although it is still difficult to talk about purposeful creation of particular defects in various substances, the results of a ten-fold decrease of radiation swelling of beryllium oxide [4] show that such experiments are promising.In the present paper, the results of measurements of the unit-cell parameters of graphite and diamond, which have a different crystal-lattice perfection, after irradiation in a BOR-60 reactor are described. The initial materials were powders of natural diamond and graphite which is used in RBMK reactors. The irradiation temperature corresponded to the real temperature of graphite in power reactors. AN-20 grade natural diamond powder and graphite from RBMK masonry in the Leningrad nuclear power plant were used in the experiments. The powders were packed into 80 mm long ampules with an inner diameter of 5 mm. The pressure computed in the peak of the shock wave was 40 GPa. In addition, artificial diamond, obtained by double detonation of a mixture of soot with hexagen, was used.

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Decrease of Radiation Swelling of Explosion-Worked Graphite

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Elastic-plastic and phase transition of zinc oxide single crystal under shock compression

Liu

Mashimo

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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The Hugoniot data for zinc oxide (ZnO) single crystals were measured up to 80 GPa along both the ⟨112¯0⟩ (a-axis) and ⟨0001⟩ (c-axis) directions using a velocity interferometer system for any reflector and inclined-mirror method combined with a powder gun and two-stage light gas gun. The Hugoniot-elastic limits of ZnO were determined to be 10.5 and 11.5 GPa along the a- and c-axes, respectively. The wurtzite (B4) to rocksalt (B1) phase transition pressures along the a- and c-axes are 12.3 and 14.4 GPa, respectively. Shock velocity (Us) versus particle velocity (Up) relation of the final phase is given by the following relationship: Us (km/s) = 2.76 + 1.51Up (km/s). Based on the Debye-Grüneisen model and Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (EOS), we discuss the EOS of the B1 phase ZnO. The bulk modulus (K0) and its pressure derivative (K0′) are estimated to be K0 = 174 GPa and K0′ = 3.9, respectively.

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Irradiation swelling of explosively shocked materials

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Decrease of Radiation Swelling of Explosion-Worked Graphite

Decrease of Radiation Swelling of Explosion-Worked Graphite

Elastic-plastic and phase transition of zinc oxide single crystal under shock compression

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