Irradiation stability and cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles for radiotherapy

Zhang, Xiaodong; Guo, Meili; Wu, Hongying; Sun, Yang; Yanqiu, Ding; Feng, Xin; Liang-an, Zhang

doi:10.2147/ijn.s6723

Cited by 86 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…43,44 Here, we investigate the in vivo toxicity of 5, 10, 30, and 60 nm PEG-coated gold nanoparticles by evaluating biodistribution, blood chemistry, biochemistry, and characteristics on transmission electron microscopy. The outcome of this research will determine which size would be suitable for photothermal therapy and radiotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-dependent in vivo toxicity of PEG-coated gold nanoparticles

Zhang¹,

Wu²,

Shen³

et al. 2011

IJN

389

246

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Background: Gold nanoparticle toxicity research is currently leading towards the in vivo experiment. Most toxicology data show that the surface chemistry and physical dimensions of gold nanoparticles play an important role in toxicity. Here, we present the in vivo toxicity of 5, 10, 30, and 60 nm PEG-coated gold nanoparticles in mice. Methods: Animal survival, weight, hematology, morphology, organ index, and biochemistry were characterized at a concentration of 4000 µg/kg over 28 days. Results:The PEG-coated gold particles did not cause an obvious decrease in body weight or appreciable toxicity even after their breakdown in vivo. Biodistribution results show that 5 nm and 10 nm particles accumulated in the liver and that 30 nm particles accumulated in the spleen, while the 60 nm particles did not accumulate to an appreciable extent in either organ. Transmission electron microscopic observations showed that the 5, 10, 30, and 60 nm particles located in the blood and bone marrow cells, and that the 5 and 60 nm particles aggregated preferentially in the blood cells. The increase in spleen index and thymus index shows that the immune system can be affected by these small nanoparticles. The 10 nm gold particles induced an increase in white blood cells, while the 5 nm and 30 nm particles induced a decrease in white blood cells and red blood cells. The biochemistry results show that the 10 nm and 60 nm PEG-coated gold nanoparticles caused a significant increase in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels, indicating slight damage to the liver. Conclusion: The toxicity of PEG-coated gold particles is complex, and it cannot be concluded that the smaller particles have greater toxicity. The toxicity of the 10 nm and 60 nm particles was obviously higher than that of the 5 nm and 30 nm particles. The metabolism of these particles and protection of the liver will be more important issues for medical applications of gold-based nanomaterials in future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-dependent in vivo toxicity of PEG-coated gold nanoparticles

Zhang¹,

Wu²,

Shen³

et al. 2011

IJN

389

246

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Recently, gold nanoparticles (NPs) have also been conceived as contrast agents of X-ray imaging for cancer therapy, because of their enhancement effects in photoelectronic absorption and secondary electron generation. [14][15][16][17] Compared with other novel therapy methods, radiation therapy is closely related to clinical application which means that it is necessary to accept more rigorous topological examination and toxicological observation for gold nanostructures. 18 Thus, it is of interest to investigate the topological response in detail, which will benefit both nanopharmacology and nanotoxicology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the toxicity of polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles in mice

Chen

Wang²,

Long³

et al. 2013

IJN

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Gold nanoparticles have received wide interest in disease diagnosis and therapy, but one of the important issues is their toxicological effects in vivo. Sex differences in the toxicity of gold nanoparticles are not clear. In this work, body weight, organ weight, hematology, and biochemistry were used to evaluate sex differences in immune response and liver and kidney damage. Pathology was used to observe the general toxicity of reproductive organs. The immune response was influenced significantly in female mice, with obvious changes in spleen and thymus index. Hematology results showed that male mice treated with 22.5 nm gold nanoparticles received more significant infection and inflammation than female mice. Meanwhile, the biochemistry results showed that 4.4 and 22.5 nm gold nanoparticles caused more significant liver damage in male mice than female mice, while 22.5, 29.3, and 36.1 nm gold nanoparticles caused more significant kidney damage in female mice than male mice. No significant toxicological response was found in the reproductive system for female or male mice. It was found that gold nanoparticles caused more serious liver toxicity and infection in male mice than female mice. These findings indicated that sex differences may be one of the important elements for in vivo toxicity of gold nanoparticles.

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“…One can stress that the interaction of metal nanoparticles with native single-or double-stranded nucleic acid molecules is a well-known phenomenon [4]. Although, the cytotoxicity of Au-nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo has been examined by several research groups, no general conclusion can be drawn at present [5][6][7][8]. It is connected (maybe) to the fact that the functioning of the nanomaterials in living cells was tested in quite different biological test-systems and the estimation of the mechanism (or mechanisms) of this process is a complicated problem [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual Effect of Au-Nanoparticles on Nucleic Acid Cholesteric Liquid-Crystalline Particles

Yevdokimov¹,

Skuridin²,

Salyanov³

et al. 2011

JBNB

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Au-nanoparticles (size about 2 nm, but not 5 or 15 nm) are capable of effectively incorporating into quasinematic layers of particles of cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersion formed by double-stranded nucleic acid molecules of various families (DNA and poly(I)xpoly(C)). This Au-size-dependent process is accompanied by a decrease in amplitudes of abnormal bands in the CD spectra specific to initial cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersions and simultaneously by an appearance of plasmon resonance band in visible absorption spectrum. The study of properties of particles of cholesteric liquid-crystalline dispersion treated with Au-nanoparticles by means of various physico-chemical methods demonstrates that incorporation of Au-nanoparticles into quasinematic layers of these particles results in two effects: i) it facilitates reorganization of the spatial cholesteric structure of particles, and ii) it induces the formation of Au-clusters in the content of particles. It is not excluded that these effects represent a possible reason for genotoxicity of Au-nanoparticles.

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Irradiation stability and cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles for radiotherapy

Cited by 86 publications

References 46 publications

Size-dependent in vivo toxicity of PEG-coated gold nanoparticles

Size-dependent in vivo toxicity of PEG-coated gold nanoparticles

Sex differences in the toxicity of polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles in mice

A Dual Effect of Au-Nanoparticles on Nucleic Acid Cholesteric Liquid-Crystalline Particles

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