Irradiation Performance of U-Mo Alloy Based ?Monol

Abstract

Administration Under DOE Idaho Operations OfficeContract DE-AC07-05ID14517iii iv SUMMARY Based on data available in 2009, a decision was made to focus U-Mo monolithic fuel development and qualification efforts on a single fuel design. This fuel design consists of a U-10Mo (wt.%) monolithic fuel foil, a zirconium barrier layer applied to the faces of the foil, and 6061 aluminum cladding. This document updates the basis for the selection of that fuel system, drawing on additional fuel-performance data available as of May 2013. This update also applies recently developed GTRI (Global Threat Reduction Initiative) requirements for fuel qualification to the selection process.Because of its inherent gamma-phase stability and qualitatively better rolling behavior, U-10Mo was selected as the fuel alloy of choice, exhibiting reasonable uranium density and good irradiation performance. A zirconium barrier layer between the fuel and cladding was chosen to provide a predictable, well-bonded, fuel-cladding interface, greatly reducing fuel-cladding chemical interaction. The fuel plate testing conducted to inform this selection was based on the use of U-10Mo foils fabricated by hot-and cold co-rolling with a Zr foil. The foils were subsequently bonded to the Al-6061 cladding by hot isostatic pressing or friction stir welding.Since the original down-select decision was made, additional information has become available on fuel performance and on the cost of the fuel system. Preliminary cost estimates indicate that U-Mo-Zr waste generated during fabrication is difficult to recycle and adds substantially to the production cost.

MxCo3−xO4 (M = Co, Mn, Fe) porous nanocages derived from metal–organic frameworks as efficient water oxidation catalysts

“…Earlier efforts have focused on oxide particles of iridium and ruthenium, 2,3 but their cost is prohibitively high for widespread usage. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Nature's cuboidal CaMn 4 O 5 catalyst of Photosystem II is the heuristic component for design of efficient WOCs, and the transition-metal-oxo cubical core has been recognized as critical unit for catalysis of water oxidation. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Nature's cuboidal CaMn 4 O 5 catalyst of Photosystem II is the heuristic component for design of efficient WOCs, and the transition-metal-oxo cubical core has been recognized as critical unit for catalysis of water oxidation.…”

Memory-Experience Gap in Early Adolescents’ Happiness Reports

“…The current study defines happiness as subjective enjoyment of life: The degree to which an individual judges the overall quality of his or her life-as-a-whole favorably (Veenhoven 1984(Veenhoven ,2009. In order to assess overall quality of their lives, people typically rely on two different types of information: how well they feel most of the time and how well they meet common standards of the good life (Robinson and Clore 2002). Thus, overall happiness draws on two subappraisals: an affective component called hedonic level of affect, and a cognitive component called contentment (Veenhoven 2009).…”

“…Whereas contentment refers to the degree to which one perceives that his or her wants in life are fulfilled, hedonic level of affect is the degree to which positive affective experience outweighs negative ones (Pavot and Diener 2008). In other words, people seem to experience different levels of happiness in their daily lives, but they also possess generalized beliefs about their happiness (Robinson and Clore 2002 ;Veenhoven 2009). Contentment is typically assessed using global questions such as: "On the whole, my life is close to how I would like it to be.…”

“…The ability to answer such questions requires complex cognitive activities, such as retrospection on what one wants and what one has, and intraindividual and interindividual comparison (Pavot and Diener 2008;Schwarz et al 2009). As such, these retrospective types of assessments have proven to be susceptible to various biases (Kahneman and Krueger 2006;Krueger and Schkade 2008;Robinson and Clore 2002;Schwarz et al 2009). Hedonic level of affect can be measured in two ways.…”

“…By using cognitive retrospective measures as indicators of happiness, we risk overestimating how happy children and early adolescents are (Kahneman and Krueger 2006;Miron-Shatz et al 2009;Robinson and Clore 2002). Episodic (multi-moment) assessments of mood of the moment, such as DRM, might provide more accurate view of how happy a child or an early adolescent is, because those types of measures aim at how they feel at specific moments instead of how they think they feel in general (Ciarrochi et al 2008).…”