Irradiation of Retinoblastoma (Glioma Retinæ)

Stallard, H. B.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(52)90697-1

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The radiosensitivity of retinoblastoma was recognized at the beginning of the 20 th century, and in the early 1950s Henry Stallard et al pioneered radiation therapy as an alternative to enucleation [13]. Enucleation and radiation formed the two cornerstones of retinoblastoma treatment for many years, increasing survival to more than 90% for patients with intraocular disease in medically advanced countries [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoblastom: Vorschlag eines multimodalen Behandlungskonzeptes für Patienten mit intraokularem Retinoblastom in Österreich

Sovinz

Urban

Lackner

et al. 2006

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. If confined to the globe and managed with current treatment strategies, more than 90% of children survive with preservation of vision in at least one eye, even in bilateral retinoblastoma. Enucleation of the involved eye in unilateral retinoblastoma and of the more involved eye in bilateral disease, together with external beam radiotherapy in advanced bilateral retinoblastoma, formed the two cornerstones of treatment for many years and led to an increase in survival to over 90%. In the early 1990s the extent of the risk of second cancers in the field of radiation became known, the risk increasing by 10% per decade of life. As a consequence, chemotherapy-based regimens were developed as alternative treatments. During the past ten years retinoblastoma treatment has fundamentally changed, with a trend away from enucleation and external beam radiotherapy towards conservative treatments aiming at preservation of the affected globe(s) in selected patients. Systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy induces tumor regression (chemoreduction), and residual regressed tumor is then treated focally with, for example, transpupillary thermotherapy, cryotherapy and plaque radiotherapy (consolidation). Between 1984 and 2004, 27 patients were treated at the department of ophthalmology in collaboration with the department of pediatrics at the Medical University of Graz. Before 2001, the affected eyes of all patients with unilateral retinoblastoma were enucleated (10 of 10), as were 6 of 7 of the more involved eyes of patients with bilateral disease. A globe-sparing strategy was introduced in 2001 and since then eligible patients have been treated with chemoreduction and focal therapy; 2 of 5 eyes with unilateral disease were salvaged, and both eyes of a patient with bilateral disease. We discuss current treatment options and present a proposal for the management of intraocular retinoblastoma in children in Austria, the Austrian retinoblastoma study, RB A-2003.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoblastom: Vorschlag eines multimodalen Behandlungskonzeptes für Patienten mit intraokularem Retinoblastom in Österreich

Sovinz

Urban

Lackner

et al. 2006

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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“…In the mid-twentieth century, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) was developed and was found to be an effective conservative treatment modality for retinoblastoma. It soon replaced enucleation as the mainstay of treatment for most retinoblastoma cases [11,12]. Unfortunately, after nearly half a century of extensive use of EBRT for retinoblastoma, it was recognized that radiation significantly increases the risk of developing a secondary cancer in survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma [13,14].…”

Section: Retinoblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Intraocular Tumours

Fabian

Sagoo

2019

Surgical Ophthalmic Oncology

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“…[7][8][9] These improvements are attributed to several factors, including the implementation of national strategies associated with retinoblastoma referral pathways, and the introduction of novel and improved treatment modalities, several of which were developed in European specialized referral centers. [10][11][12][13] Indeed, in the field of retinoblastoma, Europe serves as a potential model for under-resourced regions of the world. In Africa, where birth rate is higher, resulting in higher retinoblastoma prevalence, these improvements in survival have not been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries

et al. 2020

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BackgroundThe travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries.ResultsCapture rate was 42.2% of expected patients from Africa and 108.8% from Europe. African patients were older (95% CI −12.4 to −5.4, p<0.001), had fewer cases of familial retinoblastoma (95% CI 2.0 to 5.3, p<0.001) and presented with more advanced disease (95% CI 6.0 to 9.8, p<0.001); 43.4% and 15.4% of Africans had extraocular retinoblastoma and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 1.0% of the Europeans. To reach a retinoblastoma centre, European patients travelled 421.8 km compared to Africans who travelled 185.7 km (p<0.001). On regression analysis, lower-national income level, African residence and older age (p<0.001), but not travel distance (p=0.19), were risk factors for advanced disease.ConclusionsFewer than half the expected number of patients with retinoblastoma presented to African referral centres in 2017, suggesting poor awareness or other barriers to access. Despite the relatively shorter distance travelled by African patients, they presented with later-stage disease. Health education about retinoblastoma is needed for carers and health workers in Africa in order to increase capture rate and promote early referral.

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Irradiation of Retinoblastoma (Glioma Retinæ)

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Retinoblastom: Vorschlag eines multimodalen Behandlungskonzeptes für Patienten mit intraokularem Retinoblastom in Österreich

Retinoblastom: Vorschlag eines multimodalen Behandlungskonzeptes für Patienten mit intraokularem Retinoblastom in Österreich

Overview of Intraocular Tumours

Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries

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