Irradiated PVdF-HFP–tin oxide composite membranes for the applications of direct methanol fuel cells

A concise guide to sustainable PEMFCs: recent advances in improving both oxygen reduction catalysts and proton exchange membranes

“…Additional information about various types of grafting techniques and strategies can be found in the following reference. 93 Therefore, styrene-based membranes enhanced by grafting can be selectively tuned to provide for a variety of favorable properties, as was noted by Nahm et al 94 This group determined that the IEC values of the composite membranes were directly proportional to the degree of grafting. In essence, it was found that the greater degree of grafting present, the more sulfonic acid groups were incorporated, thereby directly affecting the water retention capability of the membrane.…”

“…Therefore, styrene-based membranes enhanced by grafting can be selectively tuned to provide for a variety of favorable properties, as was noted by Nahm et al 94 Specifically, this group created a poly(styrene sulfonic acid)-grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-tin oxide composite membrane, otherwise denoted as PVdF-HFP-SnO 2 . SnO 2 was employed as an inorganic filler in order to substantively enhance the specific properties of the composite membrane.…”

Irradiated PVdF-HFP-montmorillonite composite membranes for the application of direct ethanol fuel cells

“…The dried membranes were immersed in styrene monomer and dichloromethane solution (60 : 40) and subjected to the simultaneous g-ray irradiation with the dose of 50 kGy at a dose rate 5 kGy h À1 . The irradiation conditions were optimized from our previous report 8 and used for the present study. The grafted membranes were rinsed with dichloromethane and the degree of grafting (DOG) was determined according to the equation given below:…”

“…The rigorous impact on poly vinylidene fluoride-hexa fluoro propylene (PVdF-HFP) membranes in the lithium battery field 6,7 due to its significant piezo and pyroelectric properties, high dielectric constant, semicrystalline nature, excellent membrane forming capability etc., eventually hauls its intensive attention on fuel cells. 8 A large amount of non aqueous liquid electrolyte adsorbed by the PVDF membrane assists to reach liquid like conductivities for lithium battery applications. However in the fuel cells field, a physical interaction exhibited between the polymer membrane and liquid electrolyte doesn't provide any feasible features for the appreciable fuel cell performance and durability.…”

A promising Al-CeZrO4/HPW-incorporated SPEEK composite membrane with improved proton conductivity and chemical stability for PEM fuel cells

“…The proton conductivity of membranes is another key performance metric to be greatly improved. Currently, to increase the conductivity of membranes, inorganic compounds 21,22 , such as zirconite@TiO 2 , 23 silica, 24,25 PVdF-HFP–tin oxide, 26 are often incorporated in the polymer matrix. 27 Alpay Sahin 28 prepared a novel ternary composite membrane consisting of SPEEK/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and tetraethyl ortosilicate (TEOS), and the fuel cell performance of the synthesized membranes increased (336 mW·cm −2 power density and 600 mA·cm −2 current density at 0.6 V cell potential).…”