Irradiance and temperature effects on time of development and flower size in chrysanthemum

Karlsson, Meriam G.; Heins, Royal D.; Erwin, John E.; Berghage, Robert; Carlson, William H.; Biernbaum, John A.

doi:10.1016/0304-4238(89)90138-6

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The effect of high temperature on flowering in C. seticuspe was studied at 20 °C, the optimum flowering temperature of these plants (Karlsson, 1989), and 30 °C with a 10h photoperiod (Table 1). There were a slightly greater number of leaves at 30 °C than at 20 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, flowering time also largely depends on the temperature of the planting season, even when daylength is controlled. The optimum flowering temperature for C. morifolium is reported to be ~20 °C, and high temperatures delay flowering (Whealy et al ., 1987; Karlsson et al ., 1989; Cockshull and Kofranek, 1994; Shibata, 1997; Nozaki and Fukai, 2008). For example, in Japan, where the air temperature is warmer than 20 °C during both day and night in summer, the retardation of flowering during summer and early autumn is a major production problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flowering retardation by high temperature in chrysanthemums: involvement of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like 3 gene repression

Nakano

Higuchi

Sumitomo

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Flowering time of the short-day plant Chrysanthemum morifolium is largely dependent upon daylength, but it is also distinctly influenced by other environmental factors. Flowering is delayed by summer heat. Here, the underlying basis for this phenomenon was investigated. Heat-induced flowering retardation occurred similarly in C. morifolium and C. seticuspe, a wild-type diploid chrysanthemum. In both plants, this flowering retardation occurred mainly because of inhibition of capitulum development. Concurrently, expression of flowering-related genes in the shoot tip was delayed under high temperature conditions. In chrysanthemums, FLOWERING LOCUS T-like 3 (FTL3) has been identified as a floral inducer produced in the leaves after short-day stimuli and transported to the shoot tip. In C. seticuspe, heat-induced flowering retardation was accompanied by a reduction in FTL3 expression in the leaves. Two C. morifolium cultivars with flowering times that are differently affected by growth temperature were also examined. High temperature-induced FTL3 repression was observed in the leaves of both cultivars, although the degree of repression was greater in the heat-sensitive cultivar than in the heat-tolerant cultivar. When a scion of the heat-sensitive cultivar was grafted onto the stock of the heat-tolerant cultivar, flowering in the shoot tip was less sensitive to heat. Conversely, a scion of the heat-tolerant cultivar grafted onto the heat-sensitive cultivar showed increased heat sensitivity. Thus, several lines of evidence suggest that the reduction of FTL3 signalling from the leaves to the shoot tip at high temperatures is involved in flowering retardation in chrysanthemums.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering retardation by high temperature in chrysanthemums: involvement of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like 3 gene repression

Nakano

Higuchi

Sumitomo

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…Rarely are all these aspects studied simultaneously, which limits an understanding of the underlying processes and, therefore, the integration and generalisation of knowledge. For instance, Karlsson et al (1989c) present one of the rare experiments on the effect of temperature on flower size; however, flower number was kept constant by pruning side shoots.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature affectsChrysanthemumflower characteristics differently during three phases of the cultivation period

Carvalho¹,

Abi-Tarabay

Heuvelink

2005

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology

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“…Several studies reported that increased photosynthetic photon flux can partly reduce the effect of high temperature 290 conditions (e.g. Karlsson and Heins, 1986;Karlsson et al, 1989). Therefore, a significant positive effect of temperature on NF + at low light conditions should be included in the module, in particular for temperature in the last phase of the short-day (SD) period (i.e.…”

Section: Number Of Flowers Per Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling External Quality of Cut Chrysanthemum: Achievements and Limitations

Carvalho¹,

Heuvelink²

2004

Acta Hortic.

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This INTRODUCTIONThe development of models on product quality has been an important and challenging issue in greenhouse crop simulation, over the last few years (Challa, 2002). Nevertheless, only few models for ornamental crops are available (Marcelis et al., 1998) and these are mainly focused on the growth and development, rather than on product quality (Gary et al., 1998). Lee (2002) developed and validated a photosynthesis-driven growth model, for the prediction of dry mass production in year-round cut chrysanthemum (CHRYSIMv1.0). Since the visual (external) quality aspects have a large influence on the selling price of chrysanthemum, this explanatory model could highly benefit from the incorporation of 'modules' to predict the main external quality aspects.To predict the main external quality aspects of cut chrysanthemum a good quantification and understanding of the effects of the above-ground growth conditions is needed. Carvalho and Heuvelink (2001) made an attempt to integrate the available knowledge on this topic. From their literature study it became clear that quality aspects were rarely the focus in studies on chrysanthemum. The information was widely spread and often a clear understanding of the processes behind a quality aspect was lacking, and the results could not easily be generalised. Furthermore, some contradictions were also found when comparing different studies. Part of these contradictions was possibly related to the use of different cultivars in different studies, but others needed additional research.

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Irradiance and temperature effects on time of development and flower size in chrysanthemum

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Flowering retardation by high temperature in chrysanthemums: involvement of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like 3 gene repression

Flowering retardation by high temperature in chrysanthemums: involvement of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like 3 gene repression

Temperature affectsChrysanthemumflower characteristics differently during three phases of the cultivation period

Modelling External Quality of Cut Chrysanthemum: Achievements and Limitations

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