Iroquois

Lex, Barbara W.; Abler, Thomas S.

doi:10.1007/0-387-29905-x_76

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Geophagy (also known as pica) is the intentional practice of eating earth or soil and is a habit that spans all continents of the world 9 . Universally, geophagia is known to be practiced mostly by young adults and pregnant women 10 and, as a result, most geophagia studies have focused on pregnant women 10‐15 . The prevalence of geophagia consumption in Africa varies considerably within and across countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 Universally, geophagia is known to be practiced mostly by young adults and pregnant women 10 and, as a result, most geophagia studies have focused on pregnant women. 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 The prevalence of geophagia consumption in Africa varies considerably within and across countries. In women, in 2009, Ogbonnaya reported a prevalence of 63% in Kenya, 16 while in Tanzania Kawai reported a prevalence of 29%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geophagia and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in the African esophageal cancer corridor: Findings from the ESCCAPE multicountry case‐control studies

Narh

Dzamalala

Mmbaga

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Geophagia, the intentional practice of consuming soil, occurs across the African esophageal cancer corridor, particularly during pregnancy. We investigated whether this practice is linked to endemic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in this region. We conducted ESCC case-control studies in Tanzania, Malawi and Kenya. Cases were patients with incident histologically/clinically confirmed ESCC and controls were hospital patients/visitors without digestive diseases. Participants were asked if they had ever eaten soil (never/regularly/pregnancy-only). Odds ratios (OR) are adjusted for sex, age, tobacco, alcohol, country, religion and marital status. Overall, 934 cases (Malawi 535, Tanzania 304 and Kenya females 95) and 995 controls provided geophagia information.Among controls, ever-geophagia was common in women (Malawi 49%, Kenya 43% and Tanzania 29%) but not in men (10% Malawi, <1% Tanzania). In women, ESCC ORs were 1.25 (95% CI: 0.70, 2.22) for regular versus never geophagia and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.22) for pregnancy-only versus never. Findings were stronger based on comparisons of cases with hospital visitor controls and were null using hospital patients as controls. In conclusion, geophagia is too rare to contribute to the male ESCC burden in Africa. In women, the practice is common but we did not find consistent evidence of a link to ESCC. The study cannot rule out selection bias masking modest effects. Physical effects of geophagia do not appear to have a large impact on overall ESCC risk. Research with improved constituent-based geophagia exposure assessment is needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophagia and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in the African esophageal cancer corridor: Findings from the ESCCAPE multicountry case‐control studies

Narh

Dzamalala

Mmbaga

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…The deliberate consumption of clay (geophagy or geophagia) is a common habit of humans, most often in rural or pre‐industrial societies (Abrahams, Davies, Solomon, Trow, & Wragg, ). According to the Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology, “although geophagy is known among the general population, it is quite common among pregnant women” (Lex & Abler, ). It is more established and prevalent in Asia and Africa (Hooda, Henry, Seyoum, Amstrong, & Fowler, ; Norman, Binka, & Godi, ; Wilson, ), although practiced in many continents of the world (Abrahams & Parsons, ; Aufreiter, Hancock, Mahaney, Stambolic‐Robb, & Sanmugadas, ; Grigsby, Thyer, Waller, & Johnston, ; Höllriegl et al., ; Woode & Hackman‐Duncan, ; Woywodt & Kiss, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of “edible clay” (takere) suspension on serum lipid profiles and atherogenic indices of normal Wistar rats

Ikewuchi

Ezeka

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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This study was undertaken to ascertain the effect of an aqueous suspension of a commonly available preparation of edible clay (“takere”) on serum lipid profiles and atherogenic indices of normal Wistar rats. Ninety‐five adult Wistar rats of average weight of 100 g were assigned into seven groups. Group 1 (Baseline) was immediately sacrificed at the commencement of study; Group 2 (Control) daily received distilled water, orally; and Groups 3 to 7 received via the same route (per body weight), 125 mg/kg (T125), 250 mg/kg (T250), 500 mg/kg (T500), 1,000 mg/kg (T1000), and 2,000 mg/kg (T2000) of the takere suspension, respectively, for 28 days. In week 1, the treatments significantly ( p < 0.05) lowered the levels of serum triglyceride (by T250, T1000, and T2000), VLDL cholesterol (by T250, T1000, and T2000), and atherogenic index of plasma ( AIP ; by T250) and significantly ( p < 0.05) raised the levels of serum HDL (T250), LDL (T250 and T2000), non‐ HDL (T2000) cholesterols, atherogenic coefficient ( AC ; T2000), cardiac risk ratio ( CRR ; T2000), and Castelli's risk index II ( CRI ‐ II ; T2000) of the rats. In week 2, the treatments significantly ( p < 0.05) lowered the levels of serum triglyceride (T2000), HDL (T125, T500, T1000, and T2000), VLDL (T2000) cholesterols and significantly ( p < 0.05) raised levels of serum LDL (T125, T1000, and T2000), non‐ HDL (T125, T1000, and T2000) cholesterols, AC (T125, T500, and T1000), CRR (T125, T500, and T1000), CRI ‐ II (T125 and T1000), AIP (T125, T500, and T1000) of the rats. In week 4, the treatments significantly ( p < 0.05) raised the levels of serum total (T500 and T2000), HDL (T2000), non‐ HDL (T500 and T1000) cholesterols, AC (T500), CRR (T500), and CRI ‐ II (T500). This result indicates that the consumption of takere suspension may have adverse effects on serum lipid profiles and atherogenic indices of Wistar rats, at least at the doses administered in this study.

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Iroquois

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Geophagia and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in the African esophageal cancer corridor: Findings from the ESCCAPE multicountry case‐control studies

Geophagia and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in the African esophageal cancer corridor: Findings from the ESCCAPE multicountry case‐control studies

Effect of “edible clay” (takere) suspension on serum lipid profiles and atherogenic indices of normal Wistar rats

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