Iron, zinc and boron deficiency in papaya

Nautiyal, B. D.; Sharma, Chandra P.; Agarwala, S. C.

doi:10.1016/0304-4238(86)90037-3

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Boron deficiency may lead to latex exudation from fruit skin and tumor like eruptions on fruits (bumpiness) (3). It was reported that zinc deficiency in papaya plants can initiate mild irregular chlorosis of the interveinal areas of middle leaves which later turn necrotic, downward curling of leaf margin and thick and rough leaves (4). Foliar nutrition of micronutrients will be very helpful to overcome this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of papaya variety ‘Surya’ under fertigation and foliar nutrition

2021

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Effects of fertigation and foliar nutrition with micronutrients on papaya flowering, yield and fruit quality parameters were studied during the period 2018 – 2020 at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. A field experiment consists of 14 treatments replicated thrice was laid out based on randomized block design. A combination of four fertigation doses of 75 %, 100 %, 125 % and 150 % Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) of N (304.89, 406.52, 508.15 and 609.78 gm urea plant-1 year-1 respectively based on soil test data in 76 fertigation) and K (426.25, 568.33, 710.42 and 852.50 gm muriate of potash plant?¹ year?¹ respectively based on soil test data in 76 fertigation) and three foliar sprays (1.0 % 19:19:19 at bimonthly interval starting from 4 MAP (Month After Planting) to 16 MAP, 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.3% borax at 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th MAP and water spray at bimonthly interval starting from 4 MAP to 16 MAP) where compared with soil application of recommended dose of NPK (187:170:341 g NPK plant-1 year-1 based on soil test data) (control 1) and 187:170:341 g NPK plant-1 year-1 based on soil test data as organic manures as combination of FYM (Farm Yard Manure), poultry manure and vermicompost in the ratio of 2:1:1 (control 2). Application of 100 % recommended dose of N and K through fertigation at weekly interval from one MAP to 20 MAP and foliar sprays of 0.5 % ZnSO4 and 0.3 % borax at 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th MAP (T5) initiated earliness in flowering (142.67 days) and harvest (275.00 days). However, plants receiving 100 % recommended dose of N and K through fertigation at weekly interval from one MAP to 20 MAP with foliar sprays of 1% 19:19:19 at bimonthly interval starting from 4 MAP to 16 MAP (T4) significantly improved the fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and total yield per plant in papaya variety ‘Surya’ and it was on par with T5. Fruit quality parameters namely TSS (Total Soluble Solids), ascorbic acid and total sugars were found significantly highest in T5 and lowest titratable acidity was also recorded in T5. Hence, treatment T5 which is found superior in initiating early harvest, with higher yield and good quality characters in papaya variety ‘Surya’ can be recommended to farmers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of papaya variety ‘Surya’ under fertigation and foliar nutrition

2021

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“…For instance, in some plant species boron is immobile in the phloem, while for others is mobile (Shu et al, 1997). Furthermore, boron deficiency symptoms sometimes are observed only during the reproductive stages of the crop development, with symptoms like bumpy fruit in papaya (Carica papaya L.) (Nautiyal et al, 1986;Nelson, 2012;Wang and Ko, 1975), abscission and lower number of seeds in green gram (Vigna radiata) (Bell et al, 1990), or fruit drop in apple (Zude et al, 1997). On the other hand, there is a small range in concentrations between Chapter 1…”

Section: Chapter 1 General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilizer interactions with micronutrients in tropical volcanic soils

Corrales¹

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Background information for the development of this research:Around the year 2010, we studied nutrient management for papaya (Carica papaya L.) production systems in Costa Rica. The main reason to study these production systems was that papaya is principally grown by small farmers in Costa Rica, who generally operated under low input conditions and limited technical assistance. In addition, there was a general lack of essential information about the correct management of this crop. Firstly, we characterized the nutrient uptake for a high-yielding papaya hybrid (Figure 1.1) . As a result, we found that papaya absorbed amounts of nutrients that exceed the quantities typically applied by farmers, and the fertilizer amounts previously applied were not compensating for total plant nutrient uptake. The application of lower quantities of fertilizer compared to the plant nutrient uptake have several consequences for growers and for the soil system, for instance low productivity per unit area, and depletion of nutrients. Additionally, the nutrient management in papaya production systems is difficult because of the variation of the nutrient requirements over time. Papaya nutrient uptake is concentrated in short periods of time (Figure 1.1), which complicates the correct supply of highly demanded nutrients according to their uptake by the plant. Excessive input of a specific fertilizer in the soil could produce side effects like competition with other ions and increased leaching rates.According to previous observations of the high nutrient demand for the papaya production systems, the growers have increased the addition of fertilizer rates (basically N-P-K) considerably, but this decision lacked agronomical and environmental evidence that justify this practice. Consequently, we have developed field experiments to evaluate the agronomical effects (possible decreasing of yield gaps) of the application of increased N and K fertilizer rates in papaya. The results of this experiment for a dystric volcanic soil are shown in Figure 1.2. From these experiments we observed a noticeable increase in the number of fruits per plant when adding high rates of N and K. These results thus support the use of high fertilizer rates in papaya production systems.The decision to apply increased fertilizer rates for papaya production systems, however, did not consider the environmental consequences of the movement of concentrated solutions through these soils mainly because the possible consequences were not completely understood. Concerned about potential environmental implications due to increased nutrient management in papaya production systems, we realized that the addition of high fertilizer rates is a common practice in other large-scale agricultural production systems and is common for intensive production systems developed in permeable volcanic soils.For instance, more than 43.000 hectares are currently cultivated with bananas in Costa Rica (CORBANA, 2022), receiving high rates of N-P-K fertilizers to account for the high yields required by...

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