Iron toxicity-induced physiological and metabolite profile variations among tolerant and sensitive rice varieties

Abstract

Iron toxicity stress causes physiological and metabolic changes in rice and other plants. To date, there is little information about the metabolite profile of rice under Fe toxicity conditions. In fact, metabolite has a contribution to the physiological condition of plants. Plant metabolomics is a study of low-molecular weight metabolites in plants under certain conditions. The objective of the research was to investigate physiological and metabolic changes in rice under Fe toxicity stress. Two-week-old seedlings of four rice varieties with various Fe toxicity tolerance levels were stressed hydroponically with 400 ppm FeSO 4. 7H 2 O for 10 d. Numerous physiological characters were observed and untargeted metabolomic analysis was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The results showed Fe toxicity induced physiological and metabolite variation in rice. By comparing the metabolites synthesized in Fe toxicity-stressed plants with control plants, it showed that elaidic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid could be as metabolite marker candidates for rice response to Fe toxicity stress. When plants exposed to Fe toxicity stress, elaidic acid increased, whereas linoleic-and linolenic acid decreased. The alteration of fatty acid composition in the root and shoot suggests the alteration of metabolites is one of the tolerance strategies of rice to Fe toxicity stress. This finding offers an insight about the tolerance strategies of rice under Fe toxicity stress related to the maintenance process of the cell membranes during this stress. The genes underlying biosynthesis of the fatty acid could be a target of future research on responsible genes for Fe toxicity tolerance in rice.

Determination of traits responding to iron toxicity stress at different stages and genome-wide association analysis for iron toxicity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…The availability of Fe toxicity tend to increase by the conversion of Fe 3+ to the reduced ferrous form of Fe 2+ under waterlogged acidic soils, anaerobic condition found in tropical lowland rice fields ( Rasheed et al, 2020 ). The excess Fe 2+ is transported from the root to the shoot and leads to leaf discoloration (bronzing), cellular oxidative damage, nutrient deficiency, and stunted growth of rice ( Sikirou et al, 2016 ; Wu et al, 2017 ; Turhadi et al, 2019 ; Tisarum et al, 2022 ). Among the physiological and agronomic responses to Fe toxicity, several genes have been involved in multiple responses, including Fe uptake, translocation, subcellular Fe translocation, and Fe regulation ( Kobayashi and Nishizawa, 2012 ; Rasheed et al, 2020 ).…”

Effect of Iron Toxicity on the Growth of <i>Calliandra calothyrsus</i> and <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> Seedlings

“…This can be seen from the response of C. calothyrsus seedlings which showed a decrease when the Fe concentration was 1.75 mM. Decreases in chlorophyll content have also been reported in rice plants caused by Fe toxicity (Stein et al 2009;Quinet et al 2012;Turhadi et al 2019). The decrease in plant chlorophyll content is caused by oxidative stress due to the high Fe content (Gajewska & Skłodowska 2007).…”

Determining Phytocomponent of Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) Under Drought Stress

“…Phytocomponent was analyzed using metaboanalyst 4 and identified for their group compound based on online databases, i.e., ChemSpider (http://www. chemspider.com/), Pubchem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), and CAMEO (https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/) (Turhadi et al, 2019).…”