Iron supplementation for breath-holding attacks in children

Zehetner, Anthony; Orr, Nigel; Buckmaster, Adam; Williams, Katrina; Wheeler, Danielle M

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008132.pub2

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…& Thrombosis IDA has been reported to be associated with stroke, as shown in a large case control study from the stroke registry in Canada, where previously healthy children with stroke [arterial or venous] were ten times more likely to have IDA than healthy children without stroke [20]. [21]. • Iron deficiency has been associated with restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children

Subramaniam

Girish

2015

Indian J Pediatr

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Iron deficiency is not just anemia; it can be responsible for a long list of other manifestations. This topic is of great importance, especially in infancy and early childhood, for a variety of reasons. Firstly, iron need is maximum in this period. Secondly, diet in infancy is usually deficient in iron. Thirdly and most importantly, iron deficiency at this age can result in neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits, which may not be reversible. Hypochromia and microcytosis in a complete blood count (CBC) makes iron deficiency anemia (IDA) most likely diagnosis. Absence of response to iron should make us look for other differential diagnosis like β thalassemia trait and anemia of chronic disease. Celiac disease is the most important cause of true IDA not responding to oral iron therapy. While oral ferrous sulphate is the cheapest and most effective therapy for IDA, simple nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures can go a long way in prevention of iron deficiency.

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Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children

Subramaniam

Girish

2015

Indian J Pediatr

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“…One common practice is iron treatment of children with iron-deficiency anemia. 4,5 However, some studies failed to show the relationship between iron-deficiency anemia and BHS. 3,6,7 Piracetam has been reported to be safe and effective in treating BHS in two case-control studies 8,9 glycopyrrolate, 10 theophylline, 11 and fluoxetine 12 have been considered as alternative agents to treat BHS in individual cases, but efficacy and safety of these treatments still remain to be confirmed by further studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a Brief Psychoeducational Intervention for Mothers of Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Bolat¹,

Eliaçık²,

Sargın³

et al. 2016

Neuropediatrics

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Objective Mothers of individuals with breath-holding spells (BHS) suffer more often from anxiety and experience more stressors in their everyday life. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of psychoeducational intervention in reducing BHS and coping with these spells. Participants and Methods Mothers who have children with BHS were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: an intervention group receiving psychoeducational therapy in addition to the routine follow-up (n = 31) and a control group who did not receive psychoeducation in their routine follow-up (n = 28). The data collected at the beginning of the study and at the end of 3rd and 6th months about the frequency of the spells per month, maternal anxiety, and depression levels and mothers' perceived self-knowledge about coping BHS of both groups were compared. Results Mothers in psychoeducation group, compared with controls, improved significantly on state anxiety, depression, perceived anticipation anxiety level for BHS of their children and self-knowledge about coping with the spells. Conclusion The intervention program had a positive effect on anxiety-depression levels of the mothers and the frequency of BHS among the children. The possible link between emotional and autonomic dysregulation in children with BHS and maternal mental health were discussed.

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“…Similar to previous reports, and as summarised in Table S1, all TEC patients recovered spontaneously, with a rise in reticulocyte counts after a mean of 10 days and a normalisation of haemoglobin concentrations after a mean of 18 days from diagnosis. For BHS patients, alleviation of anaemia and/or iron supplementation ameliorated BHS symptoms. These observations suggest a correlation between haemoglobin and/or iron levels and BHS symptomatology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Timely diagnosis of TEC avoids unnecessary invasive tissue sampling, ineffective treatment and unnecessary anxiety about the possibility of other diagnoses, such as aplastic anaemia and leukaemia . Similarly, BHS often results in multiple, often unnecessary, visits to an acute ward , behavioural problems, family distress and sometimes incorrect treatment with antiepileptic agents due to suspicion of other neurological diseases . Thus, a timely and correct diagnosis of BHS and TEC is highly desirable and treating the patients with iron supplements and correcting their anaemia to ameliorate their BHS may be an attractive intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the peak age at the onset for both BHS and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) has been shown to coincide around six to 24 months . Moreover, iron supplementation has sometimes been shown to ameliorate BHS and this suggests an association between BHS and IDA . In parallel, transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC) also most commonly occurs at this age .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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