Iron Supplementation Attenuates the Inflammatory Status of Anemic Piglets by Regulating Hepcidin

Abstract

Iron deficiency is common throughout the world and has been linked to immunity impairments. Using piglets to model human infants, we assessed the impact of systemic iron homeostasis on proinflammatory status. Artificially reared piglets were parenterally supplied with iron dextran by intramuscular administration at the age of 3 days. Relative to no iron supplementation (control), iron dextran-treated (FeDex) piglets increased hematological parameters as well as iron levels in serum and tissues from days 21 to 49. High expression of hepcidin was observed in FeDex-treated piglets, which correlated with suppressed expression of ferroportin in duodenum. Lower levels of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) transcripts were detected in ileum of FeDex-treated piglets, which indicated that iron supplementation could attenuate the increase of inflammatory cytokines caused by iron deficiency. Histopathological analysis of liver and duodenum proved the less inflammatory responses after iron supplementation. Hepcidin was highly stimulated by FeDex supplementation and attenuated the inflammation of anemia, which implied that hepcidin might had antiinflammatory function and is a candidate regulator of the cross-talk between iron regulation and inflammation.

Verification of suitable and reliable reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR during adipogenic differentiation in porcine intramuscular stromal-vascular cells

“…RPL13A was based on a documented work (Erkens et al, 2006). 18S rRNA were from another reported work (Pu et al, 2015). UXT, TUBA, EIF3K, CLN3 and RPLP0 were designed by Primer3.0.…”

Effect of dietary supplement from mono‐culture fermentation of Moringa oleifera seeds by Rhizopus stolonifer on hematology and markers linked to hypercholesterolemia in rat model

“…This study explains that the body weight may depend on PCV amounts, erythrocyte counts, and immune systems. Our opinion corroborates the former result which reported that body weight and leukocyte counts were significantly ( p  <   0.05) lowered in the anemic piglets than the normal group (Pu et al., 2015). Also, the blood quantity and quality of packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly ( p  <   0.05) elevated in animals fed with MCF‐MORS when compared to UF‐MOS group (Figure 1).…”

“…The significant increase of PCV count (i.e., MCF‐MORS) indicates optimum production in total blood counts by the bone marrow due to the high contents of crude protein and magnesium particularly dietary iron from plant origin. This agrees with the previous study which reported that abnormal or irregular supply of nutrient‐rich iron caused the red blood cells to be malformed or die off at a faster rate than the body can replace them, leading to declined PCV counts (Pu et al., 2015). Essentially, reduced iron is the nutrient commonly associated with anemia because the body uses iron to make the hemoglobin to transport oxygen in the blood cells.…”

Does Iron Modulate Cytokine Production by Desferrioxamine Treated Mononuclear Cells?

“…Iron depletion may be connected with alteration in cytokine production and aggravation of inflammation, whereas iron excess decreases proinflammatory cytokine secretion and endorses inflammation (Contreras et al, 2016). Pu et al (2015) have observed that iron depleted piglets treated with iron dextran showed an attenuated release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNFα, IFN-γ and IL-1β in their duodenum and ileum. Similarly, lower IL-2 production by PHA activated lymphocytes has been reported in both iron deficient children (Galan et al, 1992) and mice (Latunde-Dada and Young, 1992).…”

“…The mechanism of impaired immunity observed in iron deficiency is rather complicated. It is connected with the production and activity of hepcidin Pu et al, 2015), with decreased secretion of IL-10, a cytokine that is not only anti-inflammatory one, but plays an important role in lymphocyte proliferation and generation of IL-2, IL-12 and IFNγ (Kuvibidila et al, 2003). A number of studies have shown that there is a strong linkage between iron homeostasis and the function of macrophages as immune cells (Ward et al, 2011;Nairz et al, 2015;Sullivan, 2007).…”