Iron Status in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Reynolds, Ann; Krebs, Nancy F.; Stewart, Patricia A.; Austin, Harriet B.; Johnson, Susan L.; Withrow, Nikki; Molloy, Cynthia A.; James, S. Jill; Johnson, Cynthia R.; Clemons, Traci E; Schmidt, Brianne; Hyman, Susan

doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0900m

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, this finding was not confirmed in a recent study of children with ASD in the United States (14). Of interest, a small subset of children with ASD and ID/IDA also appeared to be non-responsive to oral iron therapy (15), i.e.…”

contrasting

confidence: 60%

Human Serum Transferrin: Is There a Link among Autism, High Oxalate Levels, and Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Luck

Bobst²,

Kaltashov³

et al. 2013

Biochemistry

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It has been previously suggested that high amounts of oxalate in plasma could play a role in autism by binding to the bilobal iron transport protein transferrin (hTF) thereby interfering with iron metabolism by inhibiting iron delivery to cells. By examining the effect of the substitution of oxalate for the physiologically utilized synergistic carbonate anion in each lobe of hTF we sought to provide a molecular basis for or against such a role. Our work clearly shows both qualitatively (6 M urea gels) and quantitatively (kinetic analysis by stop flow spectrofluorimetry) that the presence of oxalate in place of carbonate in each binding site of hTF does indeed greatly interfere with iron removal from each lobe (both in the absence and presence of the specific hTF receptor). However, we also clearly demonstrate that once the iron is bound within each lobe of hTF, neither anion can displace the other. Additionally, as verified by urea gels and electrospray mass spectrometry, formation of completely homogeneous hTF-anion complexes requires that all iron must first be removed and hTF then reloaded with iron in the presence of either carbonate or oxalate. Of significance, experiments described herein show that carbonate is the preferred binding partner, i.e., even if an equal amount of each anion is available during the iron loading process the hTF-carbonate complex is formed.

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contrasting

confidence: 60%

Human Serum Transferrin: Is There a Link among Autism, High Oxalate Levels, and Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Luck

Bobst²,

Kaltashov³

et al. 2013

Biochemistry

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show abstract

“…Since then, another study found that 24% of autistic patients were iron deficient (Herguner et al, 2012). However, a more recent study contradicted these findings (Reynolds et al, 2012). It is of value to note that dysregulated iron metabolism has been associated not only with ASDs, but also with ADHD (Ayhan Bilgic, 2010; Dosman et al, 2006; Herguner et al, 2012).…”

Section: : Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Endosomal system genetics and autism spectrum disorders: A literature review

Patak

Zhang-James

Faraone

2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of debilitating neurodevelopmental disorders thought to have genetic etiology, due to their high heritability. The endosomal system has become increasingly implicated in ASD pathophysiology. In an attempt to summarize the association between endosomal system genes and ASDs we performed a systematic review of the literature. We searched PubMed for relevant articles. Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) gene database was used to exclude articles regarding genes with less than minimal evidence for association with ASDs. Our search retained 55 articles reviewed in two categories: genes that regulate and genes that are regulated by the endosomal system. Our review shows that the endosomal system is a novel pathway implicated in ASDs as well as other neuropsychiatric disorders. It plays a central role in aspects of cellular physiology on which neurons and glial cells are particularly reliant, due to their unique metabolic and functional demands. The system shows potential for biomarkers and pharmacological intervention and thus more research into this pathway is warranted.

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“…A study carried out with American children found that 2% of the children (aged 2-12, n=368) had intakes less than the EAR value and the inadequacy of iron increased with age [60]. Another study reported a high prevalence of insufficient dietary iron intake in children with ASD (aged 2-12, n=33) and attributed this to their narrow food preferences [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and normal to High Body Mass Index (BMI)

Bicer¹,

Alsaffar²

2016

Integr Food Nutr Metab

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Dietary intake of 117 male adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years, residing in Istanbul, Turkey) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and classified as normal (n=39), overweight (n=39) and obese (n=39) according to BMI-for-age were assessed. Anthropometric measurements were taken and participants were asked to complete a general questionnaire, feeding assessment survey and three-day food records. Daily intakes of energy and nutrients were calculated using food records. The EAR-cut point method was used to investigate the prevalence of inadequacy and potential risk of excess. Dietary fibre, calcium, zinc and folate intake of many participants were below the DRI value. Prevalence of inadequacy for iron, vitamin A, B6 and C were lower than these nutrients. Daily consumption of sodium and cholesterol was higher than the recommendations. Percent DRI value for energy differed significantly in each BMI-for-age group (p<0.05) and was highest in the obese category. This category also had higher %DRI values for most vitamins and minerals. Percent energy values provided by macronutrients (AMDR) were not significantly different from each other across BMI-for-age categories and remained within the reference values.

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Iron Status in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 57 publications

References 39 publications

Human Serum Transferrin: Is There a Link among Autism, High Oxalate Levels, and Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Human Serum Transferrin: Is There a Link among Autism, High Oxalate Levels, and Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Endosomal system genetics and autism spectrum disorders: A literature review

Dietary intake of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and normal to High Body Mass Index (BMI)

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