Iron Silicides in Fulgurites

Feng, Tian; Abbatiello, Joshua; Omran, Arthur; Mehta, Christopher A.; Pasek, Matthew A.

doi:10.3390/min11121394

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The presence of silicides within fulgurites has been reported previously 29 . The size of the crystals of the silicides is comparable to the Winans Lake fulgurite 3 , wherein crystals of silicides ~10–100 µm wide were found within metal spherules.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Glass samples were chosen as fragments of the NPR fulgurite, then sequentially ground and polished to a 0.05-µm alumina grit and were mounted using putty. Four points on each glass were ablated and measured for the abundance of 29 Si, 48 Ti, 27 Al, 23 Na, 57 Fe, 55 Mn, 43 Ca, 39 K, 31 P, and 11 B (each chosen to minimize the effect of other isobars), which were referenced to USGS glasses BCR-2G, BHVO-2G, and BIR-1G 53 mounted in epoxy to constrain major element abundances that were normalized to 100% by weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphides such as schreibersite have been identified in multiple fulgurites: from Michigan 3 , Pennsylvania 19 , and Illinois 4 . In addition, even more reduced material such as iron silicides are recognized in multiple fulgurites 3,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] . Such material is presumed to form from the intensely reducing environment possibly generated by a combustion reaction of in situ organics 3,30 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Routes to reduction of phosphate by high-energy events

Bindi

Feng

Pasek

2023

Commun Earth Environ

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Phosphate minerals such as those in the apatite group tend to be the dominant forms of phosphorus in minerals on the Earth’s surface. Phosphate can be reduced to phosphides during high-energy events, such as lightning and impacts. Here we show that, in addition to formation of metal phosphides, a new compound was formed by lightning in a fulgurite from New Port Richey, Florida, USA. A calcium phosphite material, ideally CaHPO3, was found in spherules mainly consisting of iron silicides that formed by lightning-induced fusion of sand around a tree root. This phosphite material bears a phosphorus oxidation state intermediate of that of phosphides and phosphates in a geologic sample and implicates phosphites as being potentially relevant to other high-energy events where phosphorus may partially change its redox state, and material similar to this phosphite may also be the source of phosphite that makes up part of the phosphorus biogeochemical cycle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Routes to reduction of phosphate by high-energy events

Bindi

Feng

Pasek

2023

Commun Earth Environ

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Natural Iron Silicides: A Systematic Review

Rappenglück

2022

Minerals

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This review systematically presents all finds of geogenic, impact-induced, and extraterrestrial iron silicide minerals known at the end of 2021. The respective morphological characteristics, composition, proven or reasonably suspected genesis, and possible correlations of different geneses are listed and supported by the available literature (2021). Artificially produced iron silicides are only dealt with insofar as the question of differentiation from natural minerals is concerned, especially regarding dating to pre-industrial and pretechnogenic times.

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Combustion Metamorphism in Mud Volcanic Events: A Case Study of the 6 May 2000 Fire Eruption of Karabetova Gora Mud Volcano

Kokh

Sokol

2023

Minerals

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The violent eruption of Karabetova Gora mud volcano on 6 May 2000 (Taman Peninsula, 45°12′16″ N; 36°47′05″ E) triggered gas ignition as a giant straight-flow vertical gas flare. The 400 m high, short-lived (~15 min) gas flare left no thermal halo on the ground surface, but the thermal shock caused melting or annealing of mud masses which became dispersed in ≤2 m3 blocks to distances within 30 m around the volcano conduit. The flare reached the maximum temperatures (~1400–1540 °C) at heights from 75 to 250 m, as estimated by a numerical simulation in SigmaFlow. Bulk melting of dehydrated mud masses was mostly limited to <1.5 cm near the surface of the blocks. Porous paralavas at the site consisted of low- and high-silica K-Al glasses (70%–80%) with residual unmolten grains of detrital quartz and fine (<30 µm) new phases: main intermediate members of the magnetite–ulvöspinel solid solutions and plagioclase (An45-61Ab37-44Or2-11 to An73-90Ab10-27Or0.5-1), minor cordierite (XFe = 26%–46%), pigeonite (XFe = 42%–60%), tridymite, cristobalite, and rare mullite. The metapelitic rocks affected by combustion metamorphism were heterogeneous in terms of phase composition and texture. They failed to attain homogeneity due to the high viscosity of anhydrous silicate melts and brevity of the thermal impact. The revealed features of rocks altered by a giant gas fire may serve as a proxy for phase transformation patterns in highly disequilibrium conditions of a thermal shock, far from the formation conditions of ordinary metamorphic rocks.

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Iron Silicides in Fulgurites

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Routes to reduction of phosphate by high-energy events

Routes to reduction of phosphate by high-energy events

Natural Iron Silicides: A Systematic Review

Combustion Metamorphism in Mud Volcanic Events: A Case Study of the 6 May 2000 Fire Eruption of Karabetova Gora Mud Volcano

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