Iron-regulated transcription of the pvdA gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: effect of Fur and PvdS on promoter activity

Abstract

The pvdA gene, encoding the enzyme L-ornithine N 5 -oxygenase, catalyzes a key step of the pyoverdin biosynthetic pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Expression studies with a promoter probe vector made it possible to identify three tightly iron-regulated promoter regions in the 5.9-kb DNA fragment upstream of pvdA. The promoter governing pvdA expression was located within the 154-bp sequence upstream of the pvdA translation start site. RNA analysis showed that expression of PvdA is iron regulated at the transcriptional level. Primer extension and S1 mapping experiments revealed two 5 termini of the pvdA transcript, 68 bp (T1) and 43 bp (T2) 5 of the PvdA initiation. The pvdA transcripts were monocystronic, with T1 accounting for 90% of the pvdA mRNA. Fur box-like sequences were apparently absent in the regions 5 of pvdA transcription start sites. A sequence motif resembling the ؊10 hexamer of AlgU-dependent promoters and the iron starvation box of pyoverdin genes controlled by the E -like factor PvdS were identified 5 of the T1 start site. The minimum DNA region required for iron-regulated promoter activity was mapped from bp ؊41 to ؊154 relative to the ATG translation start site of pvdA. We used pvdA::lacZ transcriptional fusions and Northern (RNA) analyses to study the involvement of Fur and PvdS in the iron-regulated expression of pvdA. Two fur mutants of P. aeruginosa were much less responsive than wild-type PAO1 to the iron-dependent regulation of pvdA expression. Transcription from the pvdA promoter did not occur in a heterologous host unless in the presence of the pvdS gene in trans and was abrogated in a pvdS mutant of P. aeruginosa. Interaction of the Fur repressor with a 150-bp fragment encompassing the pvdS promoter was demonstrated in vivo by the Fur titration assay and confirmed in vitro by gel retardation experiments with a partially purified Fur preparation. Conversely, the promoter region of pvdA did not interact with Fur. Our results support the hypothesis that the P. aeruginosa Fur repressor indirectly controls pvdA transcription through the intermediary sigma factor PvdS; in the presence of sufficient iron, Fur blocks the pvdS promoter, thus preventing PvdS expression and consequently transcription of pvdA and other pyoverdin biosynthesis genes.

Ferripyochelin uptake genes are involved in pyochelin-mediated signalling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…Total RNA was extracted from a stationary-phase P. aeruginosa PAO1 culture in GGP medium by using the hot-phenol extraction method (Leoni et al, 1996). Residual DNA was digested with 40 U RNase-free DNase I (Roche).…”

Siderophore-mediated signaling regulates virulence factor production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…These results show that FpvR is not a repressor of pvdS transcription, and indeed increased levels of FpvR resulted in increased PvdS expression. Expression from the pvdS promoter is regulated by the iron-responsive Fur repressor protein (19), and the increased activity of the pvdS promoter in the FpvR ϩϩ strain (and decreased activity in the fpvR mutant) may be the result of altered amounts of intracellular iron as a consequence of changes in the amount of FpvR protein.…”

“…Expression of the pvdA, pvdD, and pvdE genes requires the alternative sigma factor PvdS (18,19). PvdS is also required for production of exotoxin A, a potent virulence factor of P. aeruginosa (25).…”

“…Expression of genes required for pyoverdine synthesis is directed by an alternative sigma factor, PvdS (16,17). Expression of the pvdS gene is regulated by the iron-sensing repressor protein Fur so that PvdS (and hence pyoverdine) is only synthesized by the bacteria under conditions of iron limitation (18,19).…”

Heme binds to and inhibits the DNA‐binding activity of the global regulator FurA from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120

“…Fur is a DNA-binding protein that regulates iron responsive genes [13]. The current model of regulation mediated by Fur proposes that, when complexed to ferrous ions, a dimer of Fur binds a specific DNA sequence known as the Fur box that is located in the promoter region of iron responsive genes and affects their expression, causing a cascade of negative and positive regulatory responses [14,15]. The protein functions as regulator of genes involved in a variety of cellular processes such as iron uptake and storage, virulence determinants, intermediate metabolism, oxidative stress defense, acid shock response, electron transport, redox cofactor synthesis, chemotaxis or photosynthesis [16,17].…”