Iron oxide nanoparticles/nanocomposites derived from steel and iron wastes for water treatment: A review

Electrochemical sensors modified with iron oxide nanoparticles/nanocomposites for voltammetric detection of Pb (II) in water: A review

“…However, there is limited utilization of these activated carbons alongside IONPs in modification of WEs. It is worth mentioning that steel/iron industrial wastes have been greatly used as IONPs precursors for remediation of pollutants in water [ 92 ]. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of information on the use of these steel based waste materials in generation of IONPs specifically for modification of electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ions detection.…”

“…These three phase are n-type semiconductors with a band energy gap of 1.9–2.1 eV [ 90 , 91 ]. The orientation of oxygen and iron ions in the lattice structures of these phases, as well as the associated stabilities in aqueous solutions has been described by Jjagwe et al [ 92 ]. It is important to understand the existing phases since they have an effect on the electrochemical detection of pollutants.…”

“…Among the commonly used steel by-products for production of IONPs are mill scale [ [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] ], steel pickling liquor [ [120] , [121] , [122] ], electric arc furnace dust [ 123 , 124 ], iron waste powder [ 125 , 126 ], and others. A detailed review on generation of IONPs from steel wastes for removal of pollutants from water has been presented [ 92 ]. However, there is a dearth of information on the utilization of steel waste based iron oxide nanoparticles/nanocomposites for modification of electrochemical sensors.…”

“…A number of techniques exit for characterization of IONPs and its derived nanocomposites. These techniques have been fully described by Jjagwe et al [ 92 ]. Briefly, shape, size, heterogeneity as well as the degree of dispersion and aggregation are shown using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and/or Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with SEM being the commonly used due to its simplicity in operation [ 104 ].…”

Magnetic Carbon Quantum Dots/Iron Oxide Composite Based on Waste Rice Noodle and Iron Oxide Scale: Preparation and Photocatalytic Capability

“…On the other hand, iron oxide scale (IOS [ 46 ]) is formed on the surface of steel during the steel rolling process when the steel is rapidly cooled with water, resulting in iron-containing oxides. If not properly treated, significant amounts of IOS may be released into the environment, potentially causing severe pollution to water bodies, soil, and other natural surroundings [ 47 ].…”