Iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted cancer imaging and diagnostics

In vitro study of the interaction of heregulin-functionalized magnetic–optical nanorods with MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells

“…The polycrystalline nature of the Fe segment 20 makes these rods magnetically soft; yet their Ms is >10× higher than of SPIONs, which are widely used as MRI contrast agents. 36 Pure Fe NPs require >20× smaller concentration to generate the same amount of heat as SPIONs of similar size 37 and hence are more suitable for magnetic hyperthermia. 38 Due to these superior qualities, Fe-Au NRs also have the potential to replace SPIONs in targeted molecular imaging and/or hyperthermia, where high particle concentrations are needed.…”

Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

“…[497] Since fewer antibodies can be conjugated, both targeting efficiency and the potential for multivalent binding effects may be reduced. [498] In addition, increased size of nanoparticles results in lack of tumor extravasation, specifically non-uniform uptake into the tumor mass. [499] Accumulation of intact antibodies in the liver can also occur due to large hydrodynamic diameter of antibodies.…”

“…[462,477] In recent years, the utility of aptamers has been enhanced through many techniques, in particular the one in which SELEX is performed with complex mixtures of biological materials and cell-SELEX. [498,533] By this technique aptamers which recognize specific cell lines are generated within an in vitro selection performed with whole live cells. [498,534] Finding more efficient aptamers for specific applications, they have also been selected in vivo by Mi et al in 2010.…”

“…[498,533] By this technique aptamers which recognize specific cell lines are generated within an in vitro selection performed with whole live cells. [498,534] Finding more efficient aptamers for specific applications, they have also been selected in vivo by Mi et al in 2010. [535] Aptamers have gained a lot interest in numerous cancer diagnostics and therapeutics over the past few years.…”

“…In fact, integrins act as receptors for molecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and also a signaling pathway for communication between the cell and the ECM. [498,560] Among the total 24 known integrins, α v β 3 integrin has been mostly exploited as a target for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. α v β 3 integrin receptor is expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells as well as at elevated levels on tumor cancer cell membranes to supply nutrients to the growing tumor.…”