Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: An Efficient Nano-catalyst

Ahmad, Tokeer; Phul, Ruby; Khan, H. U.

doi:10.2174/1385272823666190314153208

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…As already illustrated in some of the examples provided above, metal-oxide NPs have on occasion been used for organic conversions. 1908,1913 In one example, the promotion of the carbamoylation of aromatic amines was determined to be the most favored with CeO 2 NPs with nanooctahedra shapes (which expose [111] surfaces), followed by nanorods (with their [110] facets) and then nanocubes (and their [100] exposed faces); the trend was explained using results from quantum mechanics calculations as due to a combination of effects on the energetics of the individual elementary steps of the reaction (Figure 134). 1914 Another example involves the use of Cu 2 O NPs for the reduction of 4-nitropheno to 4aminophenol: it was concluded that the [111] facets are the most active for this reaction.…”

Section: Metal-oxide Clusters and Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts?

Zaera

2022

Chem. Rev.

171

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A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute to the improvement of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways to modify catalytic sites range from the use of the reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers to the immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for the dispersion of single-atom sites within solid supports as well as the use of complex nanostructures, and it includes the post-modification of materials via processes such as silylation and atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages and limitations, but all offer new avenues for the design of catalysts for specific applications. Because of the high cost of most nanotechnologies and the fact that the resulting materials may exhibit limited thermal or chemical stability, they may be best aimed at improving the selective synthesis of high value-added chemicals, to be incorporated in organic synthesis schemes, but other applications are being explored as well to address problems in energy production, for instance, and to design greener chemical processes. The details of each of these approaches are discussed, and representative examples are provided. We conclude with some general remarks on the future of this field.

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Section: Metal-oxide Clusters and Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts?

Zaera

2022

Chem. Rev.

171

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“…As hard, they have been used in magnetic recording media, while as soft, they have been used in magnetic recording heads, inductors, electromagnets, transformer cores, and other components of electrical devices. Iron oxide particles have been used for the very same applications as metallic iron, including environmental remediation and pollution detection, catalysis of organic reactions, and magnetic data storage . However, compared to metallic iron, iron oxide particles, mostly because of their greater stability, have found broader uses, which include the use as a coloring agent, a gas sensing material, an impurity control agent, a magnetic refrigeration agent, a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a drug delivery carrier, a cell and antibody identification and separation agent, a magnetic hyperthermia agent, and so on. − Silica particles have been used in a number of optoelectronic applications, but also in oil–water separation and water purification technologies .…”

Section: Monophasic Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthicle and Its Discontents: A Historical Critical Review of Iron (Oxide) Particles Singly and Doubly Shelled with Silica and/or Carbon

Uskoković

2020

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Earthicle was conceived as an astromimetic particle mimicking the stratified structure of Earth. Although earthicle can come in various compositional and structural forms, its seminal version consisted of a spherical nanoparticle with an iron core, a silica shell, and a carbon crust. This study provides a historical review of composite, core/shell particles composed of four different combinations of phases present in this original version of the earthicle, three of which are biphasic and one of which is triphasic: iron(oxide)/silica, iron(oxide)/carbon, silica/carbon, and iron(oxide)/silica/carbon. The connection of all four types of particles to materials of astrophysical origin found in interstellar and interplanetary space is discussed. The referred studies on the three biphasic compositions were selected on the basis of their conceptual and methodological innovativeness or originality in terms of the analytical data. In contrast, all studies that have reported so far on the synthesis, characterization, or application of the hybrid particles with the triphasic composition, along with a number of related studies, are reviewed. The chronological perspective adopted for both types of hybrid compositions, biphasic and triphasic, allowed for the deduction of past and present trends in the research of these composite systems but also for the extrapolation of probable future trends. For example, the interest in silica-coated iron (oxides) has been greater than that in other three core/shell systems, especially in biomedical studies, one reason being the difference in reactivity and in the favored oxidation state of the magnetic core under silica and under carbon. The early focus of research on silica-coated iron (oxides) was mostly on controlling the synthesis process, but as of the early 2000s the interest in controlling the properties and devising new applications for these systems became dominant among the scientific community. Carbon-coated silica particles have been the least studied and have had the least impact among the three biphasic combinations reviewed, especially in the biomedical field where their research has been virtually none. Revived briefly around 2010, the interest in them wound down soon thereafter in favor of more complex compositions. Still, the most complex hybrid composition reviewed here, comprising iron (oxide) particles shelled doubly, first with silica and then with carbon, was the least studied of all four multiphasic compositions elaborated here. However, unlike the ups and downs in the research on the biphasic compositions in the particulate form, the corresponding interest in these triphasic particles has been continually increasing, in spite of the comparatively low number of literature reports on them. This promising trend emerging from the literature search may go hand-in-hand with the ongoing global tendency to fabricate complex composite particle structures in search of novel properties arising from the sometimes theoretically predictable and sometimes serendipitous synergies be...

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“…Indeed, the synthesis and use of iron nanoparticles in catalysis has led to an increased interest in recent years with the development of protocols leading to crystalline iron NPs with different shapes and sizes. [13][14][15] In this context, we report here the preparation of very small zero-valent iron nanoparticles (1-2 nm) following a very simple protocol avoiding the use of surfactants or classical stabilizing agents (such as phosphine or amine) as well as that of high temperature boiling solvent (such as oleic acid or polyols) classically reported in the literature. Such iron NPs resulted very different from those described in the literature: they are remarkably small, non-metallic and non-crystalline as described hereafter, where their properties are analyzed in detail and related to their physico-chemical and structural features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present work, iron NPs were targeted. Indeed, the synthesis and use of iron nanoparticles in catalysis has led to an increased interest in recent years with the development of protocols leading to crystalline iron NPs with different shapes and sizes [13–15] . In this context, we report here the preparation of very small zero‐valent iron nanoparticles (1–2 nm) following a very simple protocol avoiding the use of surfactants or classical stabilizing agents (such as phosphine or amine) as well as that of high temperature boiling solvent (such as oleic acid or polyols) classically reported in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Low Temperature Synthesis of Very Small and Non‐Crystalline Iron‐Based Nanoparticles: Application in Alkene Hydrosilylation

et al. 2022

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This work describes the synthesis of very small non‐crystalline and non‐metallic iron‐based nanoparticles in solution from easily accessible commercial products in mild conditions. These colloidal suspensions were further used to generate well‐defined solids containing metallic iron or iron oxide NPs. While classical magnetic and crystalline Fe nanoparticles are inactive in alkene hydrosilylation, such original NPs were active in 1‐octene hydrosilylation with 1,1,1,2,3,3,3‐heptamethyltrisiloxane (MD'M) showing that the non‐crystallinity and the organometallic character of the starting Fe NPs are an asset to generate a specific catalytic activity.

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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: An Efficient Nano-catalyst

Cited by 18 publications

References 116 publications

Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts?

Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts?

Earthicle and Its Discontents: A Historical Critical Review of Iron (Oxide) Particles Singly and Doubly Shelled with Silica and/or Carbon

The Low Temperature Synthesis of Very Small and Non‐Crystalline Iron‐Based Nanoparticles: Application in Alkene Hydrosilylation

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