Iron Overload in Africa

Gordeuk, Victor R.; Mukiibi, Joshua; Hasstedt, Sandra J.; Samowitz, Wade S.; Edwards, Corwin Q.; West, G. Alexander; Ndambire, Solomon; Emmanual, Jean; Nkanza, Neal; Chapanduka, Zivanai C.; Randall, Maurice; Boone, Paul W.; Romano, Paula J.; Martell, R. W.; Yamashita, Toyoko S.; Effler, Paul V.; Brittenham, Gary M.

doi:10.1056/nejm199201093260204

Cited by 255 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Person with hemochromatosis (HFE) associated mutations may be on higher side of developing iron over load related oxidative stress and neuropathology with ingestion of daily iron supplement [31,37]. Metal metabolism is combined interplay between genes related with synthesis of metalloenzymes and dietary metal supplement.…”

Section: Neurodegenerative Diseases and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Upstream and Downstream Antioxidant Therapeutic Options

Uttara¹,

Singh²,

Zamboni³

et al. 2009

2,884

1,884

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Free radicals are common outcome of normal aerobic cellular metabolism. In-built antioxidant system of body plays its decisive role in prevention of any loss due to free radicals. However, imbalanced defense mechanism of antioxidants, overproduction or incorporation of free radicals from environment to living system leads to serious penalty leading to neuro-degeneration. Neural cells suffer functional or sensory loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Apart from several other environmental or genetic factors, oxidative stress (OS) leading to free radical attack on neural cells contributes calamitous role to neuro-degeneration. Though, oxygen is imperative for life, imbalanced metabolism and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation end into a range of disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, aging and many other neural disorders. Toxicity of free radicals contributes to proteins and DNA injury, inflammation, tissue damage and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Antioxidants are now being looked upon as persuasive therapeutic against solemn neuronal loss, as they have capability to combat by neutralizing free radicals. Diet is major source of antioxidants, as well as medicinal herbs are catching attention to be commercial source of antioxidants at present. Recognition of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapy to oxidative stress has been proved an effective tool in alteration of any neuronal damage as well as free radical scavenging. Antioxidants have a wide scope to sequester metal ions involved in neuronal plaque formation to prevent oxidative stress. In addition, antioxidant therapy is vital in scavenging free radicals and ROS preventing neuronal degeneration in post-oxidative stress scenario.

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Section: Neurodegenerative Diseases and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Upstream and Downstream Antioxidant Therapeutic Options

Uttara¹,

Singh²,

Zamboni³

et al. 2009

2,884

1,884

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tuberculosis also has been associated with increased dietary iron [67]. Similar to experimental murine models, tissue iron overload in some African populations (also known as African iron overload) resulting from increased dietary intake of iron or non-HFE hemochromatosis is positively associated with morbidity and mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis [67-70]. Finally, the efficacy of commonly used antimycobacterial drugs is compromised in mice with iron overload [59].…”

Section: Global Diseases Influenced By Iron Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron metabolism and the innate immune response to infection

Johnson

Wessling‐Resnick

2012

Microbes and Infection

215

160

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Host antimicrobial mechanisms reduce iron availability to pathogens. Iron proteins influencing the innate immune response include hepcidin, lactoferrin, siderocalin, haptoglobin, hemopexin, Nramp1, ferroportin and the transferrin receptor. Numerous global health threats are influenced by iron status and provide examples of our growing understanding of the connections between infection and iron metabolism.

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“…Iron overload in Africa occurs as a result of consuming a traditional fermented beverage with high iron content; thus, it has been perceived as having an environmental etiology (125). However, an interaction between the iron intake from diet and a non-HLAlinked iron loading gen may contribute toward the pathogenesis of dietary iron overload (126). In an experimental study on long-evans cinnamon (LEC) rats which have been found to store abnormally high amount of iron in the liver, Kato and others in 1996 compared developing hepatitis and liver cancers in LEC rats given an iron-deficient diet (ID) with the occurrence of these diseases in rats given a regular diet (RD) (127).…”

Section: Liver Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dual Nature of Iron in Relation to Cancer: A Review

et al. 2016

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Background: Although iron is essential for all cells, it could be potentially hazardous. This is mostly due to iron participation in oxidation-reduction reactions. In terms of cancer risk, the role of both iron deficiency and overload can be studied in two directions, protective or therapeutic effects, and carcinogenic effects. Materials and Methods:PubMed, Science direct, Ovid, Proquest, Medline, and Google scholar databases were used to obtain articles identified by using the key words "Iron", "Iron deficiency", "Iron overload", "Cancer", and "Neoplasm" without any time limit. The relevance of studies was identified by reviewing the titles and the abstracts. 185 articles published in English, including experimental, observational, molecular and cellular studies were reviewed. Results and Conclusion:Considering the dual nature of iron, maintaining an optimal iron level in the body is important. This can be achieved when regulatory mechanisms of body iron level work properly and the amount of iron input is within the physiological range. Current evidence generally supports this possibility that higher animal-derived (heme) iron may increase the risk of some cancers. The release of iron or nitrosyl heme from iron complexes during some processing of meat may increase production of cancer promoter lipoperoxides. On the other hand, use of iron chelation or iron mediated oxidative assault for the treatment or prevention of cancer appears to be promising; but further research is required. Considering this background, this article reviews the literature and evidence, focusing on the role of iron overload and deficiency in developing and treatment of various cancers.

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Iron Overload in Africa

Abstract: Iron overload in Africa may be caused by an interaction between the amount of dietary iron and a gene distinct from any HLA-linked gene.

Cited by 255 publications

References 20 publications

Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Upstream and Downstream Antioxidant Therapeutic Options

Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Upstream and Downstream Antioxidant Therapeutic Options

Iron metabolism and the innate immune response to infection

The Dual Nature of Iron in Relation to Cancer: A Review

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