Iron, nitrogen and fluorine co-modified carbon nanotubes as an effective catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Hollow Porous Carbon Nanofibers with Fe–N–C Modified by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Enhancing Mass Transfer for Boosting the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…Recently, extensive efforts have been devoted to constructing porous carbon substrates for ORR, generally providing abundant active sites and mass transfer channels. , Various carbon substrates, such as graphene oxide (GO), − carbon nanotubes (CNTs), − carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and carbon powder, , were explored to promote the activity for ORR due to the high exposure of active centers and enhanced electron transfer. Particularly, hollow carbon nanofibers are highly desirable materials for ORR attributed to their unique structural advantage and high specific surface area, which can afford more active sites and facilitate the contact between the active sites and electrolytes. − However, due to a lack of meticulously designed micropores and interconnected channels, hollow carbon nanofibers cannot provide adequate channels to ensure efficient mass transfer, leading to poor electrochemical performance .…”