Iron mineralization at the Songhu deposit, Chinese Western Tianshan: a type locality with regional metallogenic implications

Wang, Chun-Long; Wang, Yitian; Dong, Lingqing; Qin, Kezhang; Evans, Noreen J.; Zhang, Bing; Ren, Yi

doi:10.1007/s00531-017-1490-9

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Magnetite formed through magmatism typically exhibits a relatively narrow range of δ 18 O values, usually falling between +1‰ and +4‰ [5,59,70,83,87]. Oxygen isotope analyses of magnetite samples extracted from different types of iron ore in the Beizhan iron deposit (massive, brecciated, and platy type) predominantly yield δ 18 O values ranging from +0.6 to +4.6‰, which are highly consistent with those of magnetites found in the iron oxide deposits in the AIMB (Zhibo, Chagangnuoer, and Songhu iron deposits) [35,36]. Furthermore, these δ 18 O values closely resemble those observed in the El Laco and Kiruna deposits (Figure 15) [5,7,8,10,70,87].…”

Section: Source Of Ore Componentssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Most iron deposits, such as Zhibo, Beizhan, and Chagangnuoer, are dominated by Ti-poor magnetite as the only economically extractable metal, except for the Dunde deposit, where significant zinc and gold mineralization occur around the magnetite ore bodies. Magnetite mineralization in these deposits was accompanied by extensive alteration, primarily involving Ca, Na, and K metasomatism, but differ in terms of alteration assemblages [32][33][34][35][36], possibly related to the differences in chemical composition of host rocks and ore-forming fluids. Several proposed genetic models for these deposits include skarn, volcanic-hydrothermal, hydrothermal replacement of volcanic rocks, and exhalative-sedimentary in origin [13,16,37,38].…”

Section: Iron Mineralization In Western Tianshanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The δ 56 Fe ranges for the Zhibo and Chagangnuoer iron deposits are from [12,56]. The δ 18 O ranges for the Dunde, Zhibo, Chagangnuoer, and Songhu iron deposits are from [17,33,35,36,[57][58][59].…”

Section: Fe-o Isotopic Composition Of Magnetitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17]. Data of Zhibo, Chagangnuoer, and Songhu iron deposits are from [17,33,35,36,38,57]. Data of Chilean iron belt, El Laco, Kiruna, and Grängesberg, are from [7,87].…”

Section: Source Of Ore Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Range of plutonic material, volcanic material, and low-T hydrothermal magnetite are from [70] [17]. Data of Zhibo, Chagangnuoer, and Songhu iron deposits are from [17,33,35,36,38,57]. Data of Chilean iron belt, El Laco, Kiruna, and Grängesberg, are from [7,87].…”

Section: Source Of Ore Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis of the Beizhan Iron Deposit in Western Tianshan, China: Insights from Trace Element and Fe-O Isotope Compositions of Magnetite

Li,

Jiang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Minerals

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The Beizhan iron deposit (468 Mt at an average grade of 41% Fe) is the largest iron deposit in the Awulale iron metallogenic belt of Western Tianshan, northwest China. The high-grade magnetite ores are hosted in the Carboniferous volcanic rocks with extensive development of skarn alteration assemblages. While considerable progress has been made in understanding the characteristics of Beizhan and its genetic association with volcanic rocks, the genetic models for ore formation are poorly constrained and remain controversial. This study combines detailed petrographic investigations with in situ LA-ICP-MS analyses of trace elements and Fe-O isotope compositions of magnetite to elucidate the origin of magnetite and the conditions of ore formation. The trace element concentrations in magnetite unveil intricate origins for various ore types, implying the precipitation of magnetite from both magmatic and hydrothermal fluids. The application of the Mg-in magnetite thermometer (TMg-mag) reveals a notable temperature divergence across different magnetite varieties, spanning from relatively higher temperatures in magmatic brecciated magnetite (averaging ~641 and 612 °C) to comparatively lower temperatures in hydrothermal platy magnetite (averaging ~552 °C). The iron isotopic composition in massive and brecciated magnetite grains, characterized by lighter δ56Fe values (ranging from −0.078 to +0.005‰ and −0.178 to −0.015‰, respectively), suggest a magmatic or high-temperature hydrothermal origin. Conversely, the heavier δ56Fe values observed in platy magnetite (+0.177 to +0.200‰) are attributed to the influence of pyrrhotite, signifying late precipitation from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids. Additionally, the δ18O values of magnetite, ranging from +0.6 to +4.6‰, provide additional evidence supporting a magmatic–hydrothermal origin for the Beizhan iron deposit. Overall, the identified genetic associations among the three magnetite types at Beizhan provide valuable insights into the evolution of ore-forming conditions and the genesis of the deposit. These findings strongly support the conclusion that the Beizhan iron deposit underwent a process of magmatic–hydrothermal mineralization.

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Section: Source Of Ore Componentssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Iron Mineralization In Western Tianshanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fe-o Isotopic Composition Of Magnetitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17]. Data of Zhibo, Chagangnuoer, and Songhu iron deposits are from [17,33,35,36,38,57]. Data of Chilean iron belt, El Laco, Kiruna, and Grängesberg, are from [7,87].…”

Section: Source Of Ore Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%