Iron: Metabolism, toxicity and therapy

Forms of Iron Binding in the Cells and the Chemical Features of Chelation Therapy

“…Since each unit of blood contains about 0.2 g of Fe, the patients become overloaded with Fe and the plasma LIP/NTBI is drastically increased. This is consistent with the following observations concerning the Fe-overloaded plasmas: LIP/NTBI is detectable by the bleomycin assay, •OH production is promoted, peroxidation of liposome phospholipids is stimulated, Tf is completely saturated, and addition of ApoTf is completely protective [36]. It has been recently reported that plasma LIP/NTBI can serve as an early indicator of Fe overload in beta-thalassemia/HbE patients [37].…”

Forms of Iron Binding in the Cells and the Chemical Features of Chelation Therapy

“…Since each unit of blood contains about 0.2 g of Fe, the patients become overloaded with Fe and the plasma LIP/NTBI is drastically increased. This is consistent with the following observations concerning the Fe-overloaded plasmas: LIP/NTBI is detectable by the bleomycin assay, •OH production is promoted, peroxidation of liposome phospholipids is stimulated, Tf is completely saturated, and addition of ApoTf is completely protective [36]. It has been recently reported that plasma LIP/NTBI can serve as an early indicator of Fe overload in beta-thalassemia/HbE patients [37].…”

Iron, oxidative stress and human health

“…Since each unit of blood contains about 0.2 g of iron, the patients become overloaded with iron and the labile plasma iron pool is drastically increased. This is consistent with the following observations concerning iron-overloaded plasma: the labile iron pool is detectable by the bleomycin assay, Å OH production is promoted, peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes is stimulated, transferrin is completely saturated, and addition of apotransferrin is completely protective (Fontecave and Pierre, 1993). It has been recently reported that labile plasma iron and directly chelatable iron can serve as early indicators of iron overloaded beta-thalassemia/HbE patients, and for assessing the effectiveness of iron chelation with deferiprone (Pootrakul et al, 2004).…”

Targeting Ferroptosis as the Achilles’ Heel of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities from a Comprehensive Systematic Review

“…However, an excess of Fe(II) disrupts this equilibrium, catalyzing the Fenton reaction and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative damage [ 104 ]. Despite tumors’ reliance on altered iron metabolism for growth, the direct delivery of free Fe(II) is not feasible due to its rapid systemic diffusion and associated toxicity risks [ 105 ]. CNSI-Fe(II) overcomes these challenges by adsorbing Fe(II) onto carbon nanoparticles, which tumor cells internalize through endocytosis.…”

Forms of Iron Binding in the Cells and the Chemical Features of Chelation Therapy

“…Since each unit of blood contains about 0.2 g of Fe, the patients become overloaded with Fe and the plasma LIP/NTBI is drastically increased. This is consistent with the following observations concerning the Fe-overloaded plasmas: LIP/NTBI is detectable by the bleomycin assay, •OH production is promoted, peroxidation of liposome phospholipids is stimulated, Tf is completely saturated, and addition of ApoTf is completely protective [36]. It has been recently reported that plasma LIP/NTBI can serve as an early indicator of Fe overload in beta-thalassemia/HbE patients [37].…”

Iron, oxidative stress and human health

“…Since each unit of blood contains about 0.2 g of iron, the patients become overloaded with iron and the labile plasma iron pool is drastically increased. This is consistent with the following observations concerning iron-overloaded plasma: the labile iron pool is detectable by the bleomycin assay, Å OH production is promoted, peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes is stimulated, transferrin is completely saturated, and addition of apotransferrin is completely protective (Fontecave and Pierre, 1993). It has been recently reported that labile plasma iron and directly chelatable iron can serve as early indicators of iron overloaded beta-thalassemia/HbE patients, and for assessing the effectiveness of iron chelation with deferiprone (Pootrakul et al, 2004).…”

Targeting Ferroptosis as the Achilles’ Heel of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities from a Comprehensive Systematic Review

“…However, an excess of Fe(II) disrupts this equilibrium, catalyzing the Fenton reaction and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative damage [ 104 ]. Despite tumors’ reliance on altered iron metabolism for growth, the direct delivery of free Fe(II) is not feasible due to its rapid systemic diffusion and associated toxicity risks [ 105 ]. CNSI-Fe(II) overcomes these challenges by adsorbing Fe(II) onto carbon nanoparticles, which tumor cells internalize through endocytosis.…”

Forms of Iron Binding in the Cells and the Chemical Features of Chelation Therapy

“…Since each unit of blood contains about 0.2 g of Fe, the patients become overloaded with Fe and the plasma LIP/NTBI is drastically increased. This is consistent with the following observations concerning the Fe-overloaded plasmas: LIP/NTBI is detectable by the bleomycin assay, •OH production is promoted, peroxidation of liposome phospholipids is stimulated, Tf is completely saturated, and addition of ApoTf is completely protective [36]. It has been recently reported that plasma LIP/NTBI can serve as an early indicator of Fe overload in beta-thalassemia/HbE patients [37].…”

Iron, oxidative stress and human health

“…Since each unit of blood contains about 0.2 g of iron, the patients become overloaded with iron and the labile plasma iron pool is drastically increased. This is consistent with the following observations concerning iron-overloaded plasma: the labile iron pool is detectable by the bleomycin assay, Å OH production is promoted, peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes is stimulated, transferrin is completely saturated, and addition of apotransferrin is completely protective (Fontecave and Pierre, 1993). It has been recently reported that labile plasma iron and directly chelatable iron can serve as early indicators of iron overloaded beta-thalassemia/HbE patients, and for assessing the effectiveness of iron chelation with deferiprone (Pootrakul et al, 2004).…”

Targeting Ferroptosis as the Achilles’ Heel of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities from a Comprehensive Systematic Review

“…However, an excess of Fe(II) disrupts this equilibrium, catalyzing the Fenton reaction and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative damage [ 104 ]. Despite tumors’ reliance on altered iron metabolism for growth, the direct delivery of free Fe(II) is not feasible due to its rapid systemic diffusion and associated toxicity risks [ 105 ]. CNSI-Fe(II) overcomes these challenges by adsorbing Fe(II) onto carbon nanoparticles, which tumor cells internalize through endocytosis.…”