Iron-Loss and Magnetization Dynamics in Non-Oriented Electrical Steel: 1-D Excitations Up to High Frequencies

Petrun, Martin; Steentjes, Simon

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2963482

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…First attempts for corresponding calculations by Petrun et al [ 22 , 23 ] were focused on portions of power, i.e. hysteresis and eddy current power, in virtually sliced sheets.…”

Section: Measured Instantaneous Magnetization Power Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculated versus measured iron losses and instantaneous magnetization power functions of electrical steel

Pfützner

Shilyashki

Huber³

2022

Electr Eng

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Magnetic energy loss P of soft magnetic laminations like SiFe sheets tends to be expressed through an integral over the power product H · dB/dt. Already in earlier papers, we stressed that distinctions are needed for the quantities H and B. However, they are not considered in practically consistent ways, in the so far literature. Here, we discuss these distinctions in closer ways, comparing loss determination by calculation and measurement, respectively. A physically consistent procedure is described for the determination of loss and magnetization power functions through measurement of bi-located quantities HS and BC (S surface, C cross section). On the other hand, it is concluded that corresponding quantitative calculations—based on co-located quantities H and B—are impeded by the high amount of technological parameters of modern steel products. For example, they result from chemical additions, and—in particular—also from specific technologies of rolling, annealing, coating or scribing.

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“…First attempts for corresponding calculations by Petrun et al [ 22 , 23 ] were focused on portions of power, i.e. hysteresis and eddy current power, in virtually sliced sheets.…”

Section: Measured Instantaneous Magnetization Power Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculated versus measured iron losses and instantaneous magnetization power functions of electrical steel

Pfützner

Shilyashki

Huber³

2022

Electr Eng

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“…Discussions such as in Refs. [8,[24][25][26][27][28][29] are restricted to mathematical modelling that does not consider the complex interaction of impact factors such as anisotropy, nonlinearity and hysteresis. Concerning experimental measurements, some work is reported in Ref.…”

Section: Instantaneous Magnetization Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, the literature is concentrated on magnetic energy loss values P that are averaged over a full period of magnetization. On the other hand, the already mentioned more recent publications [11, 13, 29, 30] discussed the corresponding temporal distribution, concluding that distinct differences exist for different types of SiFe steel—that is, GO steels and NO steels. Most results were presented for the standard frequency value of 50 Hz.…”

Section: Instantaneous Power Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐averaged and instantaneous magnetic loss characteristics of different products of electrical steel for frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz up to 500 Hz

Shilyashki

Pfützner

Bengtsson³

et al. 2022

IET Electric Power Appl

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Traditionally, products of electrical SiFe steel are focussed on applications for frequencies of 50-Hz. However, the recent developments of electric drive systems yielded a strong extension of the range from f = 16 2/3 Hz up to ca. 500 Hz. In spite of high industrial relevance, the literature offers the corresponding data on the material's magnetic energy losses in very rare ways. This paper reports a first comparative, multi-parametric study on eight different steel products that comprise non-oriented steels (NO), grain-oriented steels (GO) and scribed grain-oriented steels (SGO). Consistently at IEC-standardized samples, they were analysed for the whole frequency range that was split into low frequency (LF) and medium frequency (MF), with 80 Hz as the border. Data is presented on time-averaged total losses P, on the corresponding hysteresis losses P H and eddy current losses P E . LF proved to be governed by P H and MF rather by P E , however, with strong variations. Further, instantaneous magnetization power functions p(φ) were determined for basic insights into the involved temporal developments of energy dissipation. GOsteels yielded profiles close to rectified co-sinus functions that can be fully attributed to dissipative losses. On the other hand, p(t) of NO-steels and SGO-steels prove to include negative segments that reflect potential energy power, in the course of alignments of atomic moments in instants of high induction. Examples of industrial relevance of the accumulated data are steel production technology, product categorization, failure tracing and energy conversion. K E Y W O R D Seddy current effects, grain orientation, hysteresis losses, instantaneous losses, instantaneous power, magnetization power, silicon iron | INTRODUCTIONElectrical steel sheets of silicon iron are of high industrial relevance, due to their almost universal use for soft magnetic cores of electric machines. Traditionally, the production of core steel is focussed at applications for grid frequencies f of 50 and 60 Hz, respectively. As a matter of fact, almost all literature on aspects of magnetic energy losses are concentrated on these values. On the other hand, in recent times, word-wide developments were started to implement electric drive systems in general ways. This involves a large range of frequency f, starting with 16 2/3 Hz, up to 400 Hz. In some detail, it includes the following frequency key values: 16 2/3 Hz for train drives 25 Hz for train drives in countries like North America 50 Hz world-wide, the most frequent general grid frequency 60 Hz the grid frequency in parts of America and Asia 80 Hz being relevant for f-controlled drives, among others 400 Hz for aircrafts, sub-marines etc. 500 Hz (or even higher) for currently developed drive systemsThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…Where is the depth direction. Interesting development can be found in [19] for the establishment and resolution of Eq. 4, including the expression of the boundary and initial conditions.…”

Section: Wex Wclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-frequency behavior of laminated electric steel sheet: Investigation of ferromagnetic hysteresis loops and incremental permeability

Zhang

Ducharne

Takeda

et al. 2021

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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The frequency dependence of ferromagnetic hysteresis and the related core losses is still an open question. From scaling relations up to space discretized and simultaneous contributions resolutions, different levels of accuracy in the estimation of these losses can be reached. Below a given frequency known as the quasi-static threshold, it is well admitted that the hysteresis cycle remains unchanged. A precise evaluation of this threshold is fundamental to simulate and evaluate precisely the magnetization behaviors under higher frequencies. But this estimation is complex, especially through the unique observation of the hysteresis cycles and because of instrumentation limitations. In this manuscript, we propose an alternative and simple method to precisely refine this threshold's estimation. By using an alternative magnetic signature known as the magnetic incremental permeability butterfly loop ( ( )), improvements are proposed in observing the very low-frequency magnetization behaviors and assessing the quasi-static threshold. This work constitutes a leap forward in understanding the magnetic low-frequency behaviors of laminated electric steel sheets.

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Iron-Loss and Magnetization Dynamics in Non-Oriented Electrical Steel: 1-D Excitations Up to High Frequencies

Cited by 22 publications

References 95 publications

Calculated versus measured iron losses and instantaneous magnetization power functions of electrical steel

Calculated versus measured iron losses and instantaneous magnetization power functions of electrical steel

Time‐averaged and instantaneous magnetic loss characteristics of different products of electrical steel for frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz up to 500 Hz

Low-frequency behavior of laminated electric steel sheet: Investigation of ferromagnetic hysteresis loops and incremental permeability

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