Iron/iron oxide-based magneto-electrochemical sensors/biosensors for ensuring food safety: recent progress and challenges in environmental protection

Abstract

Foodborne diseases have arisen due to the globalization of industry and the increase in urban population, which has led to increased demand for food and has ultimately endangered the quality of food.

Magnetically Stimulated Bio‐ and Electrochemical Systems: State‐of‐the‐Art, Applications, and Future Directions

“…[30] In addition, these magnetic nanomaterials benefit from a rich surface chemistry, that enables functionalization strategies such as covalent grafting of small organic molecules, electrostatic adsorption of polyelectrolytes and biomolecules, sol-gel deposition, in-situ reduction of shell layers etc. [19] These advantages have stimulated the integration of functional magnetic (nano)-units into materials, composites and devices [30][31][32] for several applications including food safety, [34] RNA/DNA assays [28] and environmental monitoring. Recent examples of such functionalized magnetic nanomaterials applied to the field of magneto-electrochemical biosensors are presented in the table 1.…”

“…Food safety, heavy ions, sugars dopamine detection [34,[47][48][49] Fe In MET-based bioelectrocatalysis, a redox mediator is required to transfer electrons between the oxidoreductase enzyme and the electrode surface. Adapted with permission, [58] Copyright 2020, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI).…”

Electrochemical sensors modified with iron oxide nanoparticles/nanocomposites for voltammetric detection of Pb (II) in water: A review

“…Iron oxide is the commonest metal oxide used in modification of sensors for detection of pollutants especially heavy metals [ 33 ]. The use of iron oxides particularly those of the nanoscale is attributed to their biocompatibility and nontoxicity [ 34 ], as well as the high catalytic selectivity of target pollutants [ 35 ]. Additionally, sensors based on iron oxide nanostructures are characterized by fast retrieval and response times, room temperature operation, low power consumption, and less ecological degradation [ 36 ].…”

“…The commonest REs used are the saturated calomel electrode (SCE), and the Ag/AgCl electrode. The materials on the WE are required to have high electric conductivity, sensitivity, catalytic activity, with fast response to any changes in analyte concentration [ 23 , 34 ]. Electrochemical sensors are normally operated on the principles of conductometry (due to conductance changes), potentiometry (due to membrane potential changes), impedimetry (due to impedance changes), as well as amperometry and voltammetry (due to changes in current as result of the applied voltage) [ 16 , 29 , 56 ].…”

Review—Nanofibers: Empowering Electrochemical Sensors for Reliable Detection of Food and Environmental Toxins

“…Overcoming these limitations will enhance the performance, reliability, and applicability of electrochemical sensors in various fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, food safety, and industrial process control. [29][30][31][32][33] Nanofibers have gained significant attention as a promising approach for enhancing sensor performance in various applications. Nanofibers have an extremely high surface-to-volume ratio due to their small size and high aspect ratio.…”