Iron Induces Proliferation and Morphogenesis in Primmorphs from the Marine Sponge<i>Suberites domuncula</i>

Krasko, Anatoli; Schröder, Heinz C.; Batel, Renato; Grebenjuk, Vladislav A.; Steffen, Renate; Müller, Isabel M.; Müller, Werner

doi:10.1089/10445490252810320

Cited by 82 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The present result with primary cell culture of H. perleve again demonstrated the importance of Fe 3+ in formulating a basal medium. Silicate did not show as a significant variable for primary cell culture of H. perleve, which is different from that of S. domuncula (18). This effect may be species-dependent.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 58%

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Formulation of a Basal Medium for Primary Cell Culture of the Marine Sponge Hymeniacidon perleve

Zhao

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2008

Biotechnol Progress

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Marine sponge cell culture is a potential route for the sustainable production of spongederived bioproducts. Development of a basal culture medium is a prerequisite for the attachment, spreading, and growth of sponge cells in vitro. With the limited knowledge available on nutrient requirements for sponge cells, a series of statistical experimental designs has been employed to screen and optimize the critical nutrient components including inorganic salts (ferric ion, zinc ion, silicate, and NaCl), amino acids (glycine, glutamine, and aspartic acid), sugars (glucose, sorbitol, and sodium pyruvate), vitamin C, and mammalian cell medium (DMEM and RPMI 1640) using MTT assay in 96-well plates. The marine sponge Hymeniacidon perleve was used as a model system. Plackett-Burman design was used for the initial screening, which identified the significant factors of ferric ion, NaCl, and vitamin C. These three factors were selected for further optimization by Uniform Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), respectively. A basal medium was finally established, which supported an over 100% increase in viability of sponge cells.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Inorganic ions have an important influence on sponge cells; 60 µM silicate and 30 µM Fe 3+ was optimal for primmorph cell culture of Suberites domuncula (18). Ferric ion affected the expression of the Iroquois gene (19) and the formation of the spicule (20) in S. domuncula.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of a Basal Medium for Primary Cell Culture of the Marine Sponge Hymeniacidon perleve

Zhao

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2008

Biotechnol Progress

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“…The morphogenetic role of silicon is not restricted to mammals, but has also been identified already in sponges (Krasko et al, 2000). In S. domuncula this element causes especially the expression of genes that are required for the formation of the skeletal elements (Krasko et al, 2002;Müller et al, 2004a;Müller, 2006). Silicon/silica is used in the two sponge classes Hexactinellida and Demospongiae, as starting substrate for the enzymatic synthesis of their silica-based spicules which are the key structures, allowing the formation/arrangement of differentiated cells within an individual according to a body plan Müller, 2006).…”

Section: Role Of Silicon and Silicatementioning

confidence: 92%

“…The next challenge was to understand the environmental factors which drove the evolution of the phylogenetically oldest animals, the sponges. One of the key elements, promoting the emergence of these animals was silicon, which displays both morphogenetic and also structural properties (Krasko et al, 2002). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unique skeleton of siliceous sponges (Porifera; Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) that evolved first from the Urmetazoa during the Proterozoic: a review

Müller

Schröder³

et al. 2007

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Sponges (phylum Porifera) had been considered as an enigmatic phylum, prior to the analysis of their genetic repertoire/tool kit. Already with the isolation of the first adhesion molecule, galectin, it became clear that the sequences of sponge cell surface receptors and of molecules forming the intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered by them, share high similarity with those identified in other metazoan phyla. These studies demonstrated that all metazoan phyla, including Porifera, originate from one common ancestor, the Urmetazoa. The sponges evolved prior to the EdiacaranCambrian boundary (542 million years ago [myr]) during two major "snowball earth events", the Sturtian glaciation (710 to 680 myr) and the Varanger-Marinoan ice ages (605 to 585 myr). During this period the ocean was richer in silica due to the silicate weathering. The oldest sponge fossils (Hexactinellida) have been described from Australia, China and Mongolia and are thought to have existed coeval with the diverse Ediacara fauna. Only little younger are the fossils discovered in the Sansha section in Hunan (Early Cambrian; China). It has been proposed that only the sponges possessed the genetic repertoire to cope with the adverse conditions, e.g. temperature-protection molecules or proteins protecting them against ultraviolet radiation.The skeletal elements of the Hexactinellida (model organisms Monorhaphis chuni and Monorhaphis intermedia or Hyalonema sieboldi) and Demospongiae (models Suberites domuncula and Geodia cydonium), the spicules, are formed enzymatically by the anabolic enzyme silicatein and the catabolic enzyme silicase. Both, the spicules of Hexactinellida and of Demospongiae, comprise a central axial canal and Correspondence to: W. E. G. Müller (wmueller@uni-mainz.de) an axial filament which harbors the silicatein. After intracellular formation of the first lamella around the channel and the subsequent extracellular apposition of further lamellae the spicules are completed in a net formed of collagen fibers.The data summarized here substantiate that with the finding of silicatein a new aera in the field of bio/inorganic chemistry started. For the first time strategies could be formulated and experimentally proven that allow the formation/synthesis of inorganic structures by organic molecules. These findings are not only of importance for the further understanding of basic pathways in the body plan formation of sponges but also of eminent importance for applied/commercial processes in a sustainable use of biomolecules for novel bio/inorganic materials.

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“…Expression of a particular spicule types are dependent of the concentration of different elements including silica and iron in the surrounding water (Bavestrello et al 1993b;Maldonado et al 1999;Valisano et al 2012). Additional to water temperature, different concentrations of silica, iron, selenium and germanium can influence spicule formation (Krasko et al 2002;Le Pennec et al 2003;Müller et al 2005b;Simpson et al 1985). Silica concentration in the surrounding water and water temperature can affect silicatein gene expression, thus affecting spicule production (Krasko et al 2002;Schröder et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of silicatein gene expression and spicule formation in the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica

Gauthier¹

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The skeletal elements in most sponges are siliceous spicules. These are fabricated into species-specific sizes and shapes. Demosponges, in particular, have specialised cells called sclerocytes that possess the unique ability to synthesise biosilica and these spicules.Underlying the diversity of demosponge spicules morphology is a conserved protein, called silicatein. This thesis aims to investigate the process of spiculogenesis in the different developmental stages of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica, and the evolution and developmental expression of the silicatein gene family in relation to spicule formation.A. queenslandica is the only sponge species to have its genome fully sequenced, assembled and annotated, and currently is one of the best models to study sponge development (Srivastava et al. 2010). This species broods embryos year-round, facilitating the access to Conservation of gene structure and exon length in silicatein and cathepsin L genes suggests that these genes have preserved an ancestral gene structure common to both gene families in both marine and freshwater sponges.Using in situ hybridisation, I demonstrated that silicatein genes are expressed during A. queenslandica early embryonic development, with genes being expressed exclusively in sclerocytes. Analysis of gene expression levels through embryogenesis and metamorphosis, using RNA-Seq performed on a pool of same stage individuals, revealed that all silicatein-like genes are differentially expressed throughout development, and the expression of silicatein genes occurs prior to spicule formation. However, some silicatein-like gene expression levels and spicule number do not appear to be tightly correlated.

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Iron Induces Proliferation and Morphogenesis in Primmorphs from the Marine SpongeSuberites domuncula

Cited by 82 publications

References 57 publications

Formulation of a Basal Medium for Primary Cell Culture of the Marine Sponge Hymeniacidon perleve

Formulation of a Basal Medium for Primary Cell Culture of the Marine Sponge Hymeniacidon perleve

The unique skeleton of siliceous sponges (Porifera; Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) that evolved first from the Urmetazoa during the Proterozoic: a review

Analysis of silicatein gene expression and spicule formation in the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica

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