Iron imaging in myocardial infarction reperfusion injury

Moon, Brianna F.; Iyer, Srikant Kamesh; Hwuang, Eileen; Solomón, Michael R.; Kumar, Rishabh; Josselyn, Nicholas; Dempsey, Elizabeth; Tsourkas, Andrew; Imai, Akito; Okamoto, Keitaro; Saito, Yoshiaki; Pilla, James J.; Gorman, Joseph H.; Gorman, Robert C.; Tschabrunn, Cory M.; Keeney, Samuel; Castillero, Estíbaliz; Ferrari, Giovanni; Jockusch, Steffen; Wehrli, Félix W.; Shou, Haochang; Ferrari, Victor A.; Han, Yuchi; Gulhane, Avanti; Litt, Harold; Matthai, William H.; Witschey, Walter R.

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16923-0

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…As expected, hypointense regions had the highest R * 2 of all regions, which was consistent with intramyocardial hemorrhage and significantly higher iron content than other regions. 16,33 RE was found to be close to 7/3 (RE = 2.20) when analyzing R * 2 measurements at 7T versus 3T, showing that R * 2 scales with field strength as shown in previous work. 30,31 The relationship between R * 2 and magnetic susceptibility is similar to that reported in the human brain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Relaxation time mapping and QSM was performed on whole-heart explants, and there may be differences from live animals and humans. The feasibility of implementing in vivo cardiac QSM was recently shown in healthy patients, 45 a swine model of MI reperfusion injury, 16 and ST-elevation MI patients. 16 These studies were conducted at 3T or 1.5 T. Based on the findings in this study, we would expect to see differences in vivo at 7T.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic susceptibility and R2* of myocardial reperfusion injury at 3T and 7T

Moon

Iyer

Josselyn

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose Magnetic susceptibility (Δχ) alterations have shown association with myocardial infarction (MI) iron deposition, yet there remains limited understanding of the relationship between relaxation rates and susceptibility or the effect of magnetic field strength. Hence, Δχ and R2∗ in MI were compared at 3T and 7T. Methods Subacute MI was induced by coronary artery ligation in male Yorkshire swine. 3D multiecho gradient echo imaging was performed at 1‐week postinfarction at 3T and 7T. Quantitative susceptibility mapping images were reconstructed using a morphology‐enabled dipole inversion. R2∗ maps and quantitative susceptibility mapping were generated to assess the relationship between R2∗, Δχ, and field strength. Infarct histopathology was investigated. Results Magnetic susceptibility was not significantly different across field strengths (7T: 126.8 ± 41.7 ppb; 3T: 110.2 ± 21.0 ppb, P = NS), unlike R2∗ (7T: 247.0 ± 14.8 Hz; 3T: 106.1 ± 6.5 Hz, P < .001). Additionally, infarct Δχ and R2∗ were significantly higher than remote myocardium. Magnetic susceptibility at 7T versus 3T had a significant association (β = 1.02, R2 = 0.82, P < .001), as did R2∗ (β = 2.35, R2 = 0.98, P < .001). Infarct pathophysiology and iron deposition were detected through histology and compared with imaging findings. Conclusion R2∗ showed dependence and Δχ showed independence of field strength. Histology validated the presence of iron and supported imaging findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic susceptibility and R2* of myocardial reperfusion injury at 3T and 7T

Moon

Iyer

Josselyn

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…To investigate UNIC's ability to improve pathological MRI contrast, canine models with and without hemorrhagic myocardial infarction (hMI) were studied to investigate whether UNIC shimming can improve visualization of focal myocardial iron deposition. Focal iron deposition in the heart caused by hMI can lead to life-threatening adverse events [50][51][52][53][54] . Recent studies have shown that reliable detection of iron deposition post-myocardial infarction can play a crucial role in risk stratification and treatment evaluation 50,51,53 .…”

Section: Unic Reveals Pathological Lesions In the Heart That Were Masked By B0 Inhomogeneity Artifacts Under The State-of-the-art Scannermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focal iron deposition in the heart caused by hMI can lead to life-threatening adverse events [50][51][52][53][54] . Recent studies have shown that reliable detection of iron deposition post-myocardial infarction can play a crucial role in risk stratification and treatment evaluation 50,51,53 . The ferromagnetic nature of iron has made T2* MRI the desirable noninvasive method to image myocardial iron deposition.…”

Section: Unic Reveals Pathological Lesions In the Heart That Were Masked By B0 Inhomogeneity Artifacts Under The State-of-the-art Scannermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Homogeneous B0 field for High-Field Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Unified Shim-RF Coils

Yang¹,

Serry²,

Hu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 3.0T and above) offers numerous advantages for imaging the human body over lower-field strengths. However, it suffers from unwanted fast spatially-varying main (B0 ) fields caused by the susceptibility mismatch at the tissue interfaces. When this is combined with the anatomical complexity of the human body, undesirable image artifacts can become damaging as they can compromise potential image contrasts, limit the use of accelerated imaging, and interfere with clinical interpretation. Consequently, these limitations restrict the effective utilization of high-field body MRI and emphasize the need for a major improvement in B0 field homogeneity to take full advantage of the ever increased B0 field. Here we introduce a Unified shim-RF Coil (UNIC) to overcome this existing bottleneck by transcending the conventional low-efficiency, distantly located B0 shim coils. UNIC allows a shim array to be freely allotted and seamlessly integrated into a standard surface RF coil, thus maximizing both the performance of RF receive sensitivity and effective B0 shimming. We demonstrate the capacity of the UNIC approach through detailed characterization of the coil design, prototyping a body coil integrating the UNIC features, and conducting in-vivo imaging of deep organs adjacent to the lung. Our studies provide evidence that UNIC enables homogeneous B0 fields in the liver and the heart, where strong image artifacts are known to occur, and hence facilitate the acquisition of unprecedented image quality in a clinical 3.0T scanner. Further, UNIC’s design is practical as it overcomes one of the most, if not the most, critical limitations of the state-of-the-art high-field MRI with minimal changes to the current MRI hardware architecture. Accordingly, the proposed technique offers opportunities for major advancements in noninvasive imaging of deep organs with high-field imaging in a way it has not been possible thus far.

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“…Currently, reperfusion injury is considered the major complication of vascular reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction (MI) and is estimated to occur in up to 60% of patients (Moon et al. 2020 ). Inhibition of reperfusion injury is key to the treatment of MI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in research on the protective mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury

Zhang

Hu²,

Han

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context Developing effective drugs to treat myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury is imperative. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have had considerable success in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Elucidating the mechanisms by which TCMs improve MI/R injury can supplement the literature on MI/R prevention and treatment. Objective To summarise TCMs and their main protective mechanisms against MI/R injury reported over the past 40 years. Methods Relevant literature published between 1980 and 2020 in Chinese and English was retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, SpringerLink, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Search terms included ‘medicinal plants’, ‘myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury’, ‘Chinese medicine prescriptions’, ‘mechanisms’, ‘prevention’, ‘treatment’ and ‘protection’. For inclusion in the analysis, medicinal plants had to be searchable in the China Medical Information Platform and Plant Database. Results We found 71 medicinal species (from 40 families) that have been used to prevent MI/R injury, of which Compositae species (8 species) and Leguminosae species (7 species) made up the majority. Most of the effects associated with these plants are described as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Furthermore, we summarised 18 kinds of Chinese compound prescriptions, including the compound Danshen tablet and Baoxin pill, which mainly reduce oxidative stress and regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism. Discussion and conclusions We summarised TCMs that protect against MI/R injury and their pharmacological mechanisms. This in-depth explanation of the roles of TCMs in MI/R injury protection provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of TCM-based treatment drugs.

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Iron imaging in myocardial infarction reperfusion injury

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

Magnetic susceptibility and R2* of myocardial reperfusion injury at 3T and 7T

Magnetic susceptibility and R2* of myocardial reperfusion injury at 3T and 7T

Ultra-Homogeneous B0 field for High-Field Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Unified Shim-RF Coils

Advances in research on the protective mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury

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