Iron(III) Oxide Graphite Composite Electrodes: Application to the Electroanalytical Detection of Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract

Composite electrodes based on iron(III) oxide, Fe 2 O 3 , carbon powder and epoxy resin have been prepared and characterized using electrochemical methods and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Initially composite electrodes were made by mixing micron sized carbon powder surface with iron(III) oxide. However, the voltammetric responses were unsatisfactory. Therefore, a new type of composite electrodes was made using carbon powder modified with iron(III) oxide via a wet impregnation procedure. This technique involves saturation of the carbon powder with iron(III) nitrate followed by thermal treatment at ca. 623 K forming iron(III) oxide on the surface of the carbon powder. Several key parameters such as percentage of carbon powder and iron(III) oxide as well as electrode geometry (electrode length) have been optimized. Composite electrodes show attractive performances for the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine with detection limits of 0.12 mM and 1.18 mM respectively. These limits of detection are comparable to the detection limits attained by alternative analytical techniques and are lower than that obtained by other electroanalytical methods.

Copper Oxide – Graphite Composite Electrodes: Application to Nitrite Sensing

“…Continuing our previous investigations on transitionmetal oxide -carbon powder epoxy composite electrodes [5] in the present paper we examine the electrochemical and electrocatalytical behavior of copper oxide modified carbon powder epoxy composite electrodes. Copper-based catalysts represent an interesting class and have proved to be electrocatalytic active for biosensing of glucose and carbohydrates [6], saccharides, alditols, amino acids, alcohols, and amines [7], organic compounds [8], volatile organic compounds [9], cyanides [10] and nitrites [11], owing to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of copper oxide towards the oxidation/reduction of these analytes.…”

“…This was next blended with a mixture of copper oxide modified carbon powder (10 wt%) and unmodified carbon powder (90 wt%), with powder to resin ratio of 1 : 3. These ratios were kept constant throughout all the measurements as the electrode exhibited the best conductivity when made using these ratios [5]. The resulting paste was mixed in an ultrasonic bath for 30 min and then placed in a glass tube of 6 mm inner diameter up to 6 mm depth.…”

“…Recently, special attention has been given to chemically modified carbon electrodes and carbon composite electrodes to improve the electrocatalytic activity for the determination of different analytes. Chemically modified electrodes are mainly prepared by electrochemically depositing catalyst onto carbon electrode surfaces [4], while carbon composite electrodes are usually formed by mixing catalysts with carbon powder [5]. Noble metals: platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium and gold, are well-known oxidation catalysts with high activity and stability and have been successfully used incorporated in carbon electrodes.…”

Sensitive Hydrazine Detection Using a Porous Mn2O3 Nanofibers‐Based Sensor

“…gold [14], palladium [1], etc), and nanostructured metal oxides (e.g. CuO [3], ZnO [2,4], Fe 2 O 3 [15], etc.) have been used to modify electrodes for the electrochemical detection of hydrazine.…”

Hydrazine sensors development based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanostructured TiO2 films by electrochemical approach

“…Consequently, searching for new materials for the modification of electrodes towards enhancing the rate of electron transfer and reducing the over potential of the hydrazine oxidation is necessary. [14][15][16][17] Diffferent approaches such as the use of metal nanoparticles 18,19 , metal oxides 20 , metal complexes, hexacyanoferrate salts or organic mediators 10,11 , have been tested up to now with different levels of success.…”