Iron(II) phthalocyanine covalently functionalized graphene as a highly efficient non-precious-metal catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media

Carbon supported PdO with improved activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution

“…All these might be relative with the Mn content, as shown in Fig. 5 [28,[43][44][45][46], and the Pd/C exhibits the superior ORR activity than Pt/C, with the E 1/2 shifting positively about 0.021 V, the better ORR activity of Pd/C over Pt/C in alkaline media has also been observed by Jiang [47] and Wang et al [44], which would be attributed to the easily oxidized surface of the smaller Pt particles (2.3 nm) compared to that for the Pd particles (3.1 nm), and the ORR activity of the oxidation products are inferior [47]. Additionally, with the Pd/C and PdO/C compared, the Pd element transformation from the elementary to oxide makes the ORR activity almost unchanged, except for the slightly decreased I lim .…”

Graphene-based transition metal oxide nanocomposites for the oxygen reduction reaction

“…The synergetic promotion of chemical coupling effects between graphene sheets and metal oxides has great influence on the electrocatalytic activities of ORR. [40][41][42] The synthesis of 3D Fe 3 O 4 /N-doped graphene (N-graphene) hybrids through hydrothermal self-assembly, freeze-drying and pyrolysis exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for the ORR in alkaline electrolytes 43 such as a lower onset potential, higher current density, lower H 2 O 2 generation with electron transfer number (∼4), and better durability. Fig.…”

“…Various catalytic cathode materials with a direct four-electron oxygen reduction pathway, low onset and half-wave potential, high peak current density have been intensively studied. 40,45,[127][128][129] Although the commercialized Pt and Pt alloys have a number of challenges, including high cost and easy poisoning from methanol crossover, they still possess better ORR properties than the majority of cathode materials in onset and half-wave potential. [2][3][4]130 In recent decades, studies on the electrocatalysts of low-Pt or non-noble metal supported on graphene with low-cost, high electrocatalytic activity, and ORR stability have achieved substantial progress.…”

An overview of the electrochemical performance of modified graphene used as an electrocatalyst and as a catalyst support in fuel cells

“…Liu and coworkers [94] reported that their iron(II) phthalocyanine functionalized graphene (FePc/Graphene) material exhibited improved electrocatalytic activity with an onset potential of −0.018 V vs. SCE, which is more positive than that of commercial Pt/C (−0.075 V vs. SCE) and iron(II) tetraaminophthalocyanine alone (−0.128 V vs. SCE) in O 2 -saturated 0.1 M NaOH. A cyclic voltammetry test (Fig.…”

“…A recent report revealed that iron phthalocyanine functionalized graphene (FePc/Graphene) was an excellent ORR catalyst for fuel cells due to its high electrocatalytic activity, stability and durability [94][95][96]. Liu and coworkers [94] reported that their iron(II) phthalocyanine functionalized graphene (FePc/Graphene) material exhibited improved electrocatalytic activity with an onset potential of −0.018 V vs. SCE, which is more positive than that of commercial Pt/C (−0.075 V vs. SCE) and iron(II) tetraaminophthalocyanine alone (−0.128 V vs. SCE) in O 2 -saturated 0.1 M NaOH.…”