Iron filled carbon nanotubes as novel monopole-like sensors for quantitative magnetic force microscopy

Wolny, Franziska; Mühl, Thomas; Weissker, Uhland; Lipert, Kamil; Schumann, J.; Leonhardt, A.; Büchner, B.

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/21/43/435501

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Spatial resolution for scanning NV imaging could therefore be further improved by about one order of magnitude. We note that for magnetic field imaging, our current ability to resolve individual magnetic domains already equals the typical performance of alternative methods [25,26], with the added advantages of being non-invasive and quantitative.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust scanning diamond sensor for nanoscale imaging with single nitrogen-vacancy centres

et al. 2012

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Controllable atomic-scale quantum systems hold great potential as sensitive tools for nanoscale imaging and metrology [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Possible applications range from nanoscale electric [7] and magnetic field sensing [4][5][6]8] to single photon microscopy [1,2], quantum information processing [9], and bioimaging [10]. At the heart of such schemes is the ability to scan and accurately position a robust sensor within a few nanometers of a sample of interest, while preserving the sensor's quantum coherence and readout fidelity. These combined requirements remain a challenge for all existing approaches that rely on direct grafting of individual solid state quantum systems [4,11,12] or single molecules [2] onto scanning-probe tips. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication and room temperature operation of a robust and isolated atomic-scale quantum sensor for scanning probe microscopy. Specifically, we employ a high-purity, single-crystalline diamond nanopillar probe containing a single Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) color center. We illustrate the versatility and performance of our scanning NV sensor by conducting quantitative nanoscale magnetic field imaging and near-field single-photon fluorescence quenching microscopy. In both cases, we obtain imaging resolution in the range of 20 nm and sensitivity unprecedented in scanning quantum probe microscopy.The NV center in diamond is a point-defect that offers the potential for sensing and imaging with atomic scale resolution. Sensitive nanoscale detection of various physical quantities is possible because the NV center forms a bright and stable single photon source [13] for optical imaging, and possesses a spin-triplet ground state which offers excellent magnetic [5] and electric [7] field sensing capabilities. The remarkable performance of the NV center in such spin-based sensing schemes, is the result of the long NV spin coherence time [14], combined with efficient optical spin preparation and readout [15], all at room temperature. In addition, NV centers can be positioned within nanometers of a diamond surface [16] and therefore in close proximity of a sample to maximize signal strengths and spatial resolution. In order to realize the full potential of these attractive features, we have developed a "scanning NV sensor" (Fig. 1a), which employs a diamond nanopillar as the scanning probe, with an individual NV center artificially created within a few nanometers of the pillar tip through ion implantation. Long NV spin coherence times (≈ 30 µs) are achieved as our devices are fabricated from high purity, single-crystalline bulk diamond [17]. Furthermore, diamond nanopillars are efficient waveguides for the NV fluorescence band [18], which yields record-high NV signal collection efficiencies for a scanning NV device. Fig. 1b shows a representative scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a single-crystalline diamond scanning probe containing a single NV center. The preparation of such devices is based on recently developed tech- * These authors contributed equally to this work...

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confidence: 99%

A robust scanning diamond sensor for nanoscale imaging with single nitrogen-vacancy centres

et al. 2012

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“…The value of the magnetic moment is again μ T = 14 μ B , and the binding energy is E b = 9.352 eV. That is, encapsulated Fe 4 is more stable than isolated Fe 4 , a result that parallels that for Fe 2 . Displacing the encapsulated Fe 4 cluster towards one edge of the nanotube increases its binding energy because of the interaction with the carbon atoms of the edge.…”

Section: B Fe 12 Cluster Inside (100) Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Nanotubes filled with Fe have potential uses in medicine, 1 in spintronic devices, 2 including spin valves, 3 and can also be used as probes for magnetic force microscopy. 4,5 Recent reviews on the preparation of filled carbon nanotubes 6,7 indicate the activity in the field. In general, free metallic magnetic nanoparticles are oxide coated, but the encapsulation of Fe clusters and nanowires in carbon nanotubes, where these metallic nanostructures are protected from the oxidating environment, 8 has been shown to be feasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic and magnetic properties of Fe clusters inside finite zigzag single-wall carbon nanotubes

et al. 2013

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Density functional calculations of the electronic structure of the Fe 12 cluster encapsulated inside finite singlewall zigzag carbon nanotubes of indices (11,0) and (10,0) have been performed. Several Fe 12 isomers have been considered, including elongated shape isomers aimed to fit well inside the nanotubes, and the icosahedral minimum energy structure. We analyze the structural and magnetic properties of the combined systems, and how those properties change compared to the isolated systems. A strong ferromagnetic coupling between the Fe atoms occurs both for the free and the encapsulated Fe 12 clusters, but there is a small reduction (3-7.4 μ B ) of the spin magnetic moment of the encapsulated clusters with respect to that of the free ones (μ = 38 μ B ). The reduction of the magnetic moment is mostly due to the internal redistribution of the spin charges in the iron cluster. In contrast, the spin magnetic moment of the carbon nanotubes, which is zero for the empty tubes, becomes nonzero (1-3 μ B ) because of the interaction with the encapsulated cluster. We have also studied the encapsulation of atomic Fe and the growth of small Fe n clusters (n = 2, 4, 8) encapsulated in a short (10,0) tube. The results suggest that the growth of nanowires formed by distorted tetrahedral Fe 4 units will be favorable in (10,0) nanotubes and nanotubes of similar diameter.

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“…They range from etching/milling techniques to sharpen the magnetization volume [106,107,110], mounting of ferromagnetically filled carbon nanotubes onto cantilevers [108,[111][112][113], to attaching ferromagnetic nanospheres onto the cantilever [109]. These examples show impressively that a spatial confinement of the magnetic probe's volume may drastically increase the lateral resolution of MFM measurements [86].…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging and Characterization of Magnetic Micro- and Nanostructures Using Force Microscopy

Block

2015

Surface Science Tools for Nanomaterials Characterization

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Iron filled carbon nanotubes as novel monopole-like sensors for quantitative magnetic force microscopy

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

A robust scanning diamond sensor for nanoscale imaging with single nitrogen-vacancy centres

A robust scanning diamond sensor for nanoscale imaging with single nitrogen-vacancy centres

Electronic and magnetic properties of Fe clusters inside finite zigzag single-wall carbon nanotubes

Imaging and Characterization of Magnetic Micro- and Nanostructures Using Force Microscopy

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